scholarly journals The Whiteness of AI

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Cave ◽  
Kanta Dihal
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
White People ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
White Racial Frame

Abstract This paper focuses on the fact that AI is predominantly portrayed as white—in colour, ethnicity, or both. We first illustrate the prevalent Whiteness of real and imagined intelligent machines in four categories: humanoid robots, chatbots and virtual assistants, stock images of AI, and portrayals of AI in film and television. We then offer three interpretations of the Whiteness of AI, drawing on critical race theory, particularly the idea of the White racial frame. First, we examine the extent to which this Whiteness might simply reflect the predominantly White milieus from which these artefacts arise. Second, we argue that to imagine machines that are intelligent, professional, or powerful is to imagine White machines because the White racial frame ascribes these attributes predominantly to White people. Third, we argue that AI racialised as White allows for a full erasure of people of colour from the White utopian imaginary. Finally, we examine potential consequences of the racialisation of AI, arguing it could exacerbate bias and misdirect concern.

scholarly journals The Emperor Jones is the Reflection of the Black White Struggle: Modern American Drama

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Haider Ibrahim Khalil ◽  
Abdullah Mohd Nawi ◽  
Ansam Ali Flefil
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
White People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Clash Of Cultures ◽  
American Society

The Emperor Jones is the best viewpoint of O’Neill’s plays in depicting the black white people. This play exposes the portraying of black white conflict as modernism ideology. This play is focused on the suffering and the oppression of people. In this study, the scholar uses the qualitative method as storytelling type. In theoretical framework, the critical race theory is related to this study to analyse the speech which tackles the plot, characters and setting according to the concepts of clash of cultures. This study/ this paper also shows the clashes of culture in American society. Furthermore, the implication of this paper will be presented/ indicate the social, educational, linguistic and cultural style. In fact, this paper will add something to American literature by generalizing this study to other studies about black white people. In sum, this paper is to reflect the philosophy of O’Neill in portraying the black white people. The scholar uses the critical race theory to explain the struggles/ conflicts among the human beings. The researcher also uses the qualitative approach and narrative technique to analyse data. In the same way, the data/ material is collected by textual methods and analyse by the narrative approach. This study can be generalized to another study about O’Neill’s perspectives in depicting the black white people. 

Critical Race Theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Thandi Sulé
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Color Line ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
White People ◽  
Social Work Values ◽  
Legal Remedies

Critical race theory (CRT) is a framework that unapologetically asserts how and why race matters in the maintenance of U.S. policies and practices. In doing so, CRT counters discourse that situates discrimination and disparities within the realm of individual behaviors or psychological deficits. Therefore, racism is seen for what it is—a willful, institutionalized, and dehumanizing way of being. Though racism prevailed as the quintessential problem of the 20th century, the 21st century has revealed that the color line remains remarkably undisturbed. Whether one is focusing on housing, education, employment, wealth, health, safety, or justice, racial disparities and inequities exist to the disadvantage of racially minoritized people. Born out of discontent for legal remedies for inequality, CRT speaks to the universal way that racism immobilizes minoritized people—thereby providing an almost unwavering advantage to white people. This review provides an overview of the tenets of CRT and how those tenets connect with social work values and practice.

scholarly journals The fear of multiple truths: On teaching about racism in a predominantly white school

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Antony Farag
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Predominately White ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Elective Course ◽  
White School

In a post-truth world, it is imperative for educators to help students sift through the various views of both historical and current events. Critical race theory (CRT), a controversial theoretical framework directly critiquing white supremacy and incorporating the histories of historically marginalized communities, is a useful tool for helping students develop their own understanding of history and the world. However, research shows that social studies educators of white students are unprepared to use CRT. Antony Farag shares his research into white teachers’ use of CRT and describes what happened when his predominately white school attempted to launch an elective course build on critical race theory.

Critical Race Theory

2012 ◽  
pp. 426-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Y. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
The Social

This chapter is a qualitative, narrative case study that seeks to unveil the social identity diversity of leadership from the perspective a Black woman leader. Social identity diversity is a form of difference that marginalized groups, such as Black women, experience in predominantly White organizational and institutional settings as a result of intersectionality. Social identity diversity creates multiple dynamics for groups such as Black women who hold leadership positions in the aforementioned settings. This study highlights the need for more inclusive and cultural perspectives of leadership, which calls for more inclusive theoretical frameworks that consider the social identity diversity of the leader. Critical race theory is presented as a theoretical framework that is useful for explaining how systems of power sustain domination and oppression in organizational and institutional settings. Implications for an emerging social justice paradigm are given.

Critical Race Theory and the Whiteness of Teacher Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Sleeter
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Interest Convergence ◽  
The Common

This article uses three tenets of critical race theory to critique the common pattern of teacher education focusing on preparing predominantly White cohorts of teacher candidates for racially and ethnically diverse students. The tenet of interest convergence asks how White interests are served through incremental steps. The tenet of color blindness prompts asking how structures that seem neutral, such as teacher testing, reinforce Whiteness and White interests. The tenet of experiential knowledge prompts asking whose voices are being heard. The article argues that much about teacher education can be changed, offering suggestions that derive from these tenets.

scholarly journals Affirmation, Support, and Advocacy: Critical Race Theory and Academic Advising

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Underrepresented Students ◽  
Academic Advisors ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Academic Advisor ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Academic Professionals

The research presented describes the unique challenges of students from historically marginalized communities, particularly Black students, attending predominantly White institutions. Challenges include overt and covert campus racism, daily microaggressions, and limited or no sense of belonging. How are these challenges exacerbated when a student's academic advisor is unable or unwilling to understand their daily experiences on a predominantly White campus? How can academic advisors work to affirm, support, and advocate for underrepresented students during their matriculation? Using critical race theory to improve practice for academic advisors, I call for advisors to gain and maintain a consciousness of the ways race and racism influence not only the experiences of students of color but also their relationships with academic professionals.

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