Modelling the potential spread of Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker in Europe

AbstractAnalyses of pentane extracts of frass, whole beetles, and volatiles trapped on Porapak-Q from Pityophthorus Eichhoff spp. fed on Pinus radiata D. Don demonstrated that (E)-pityol [2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran] was produced by male Pityophthorus carmeli Swaine, female Pityophthorus nitidulus (Mannerheim), and female Pityophthorus setosus Blackman. (E)-(−)-Conophthorin) [(5S,7S)-(−)-7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane] was produced by male P. carmeli and male P. nitidulus. Only the (2R,5S)-(+) stereoisomer of (E)-pityol was produced by male P. carmeli and female P. setosus. In field bioassays in central coastal California, P. setosus was attracted to (E)-(+)-pityol, whereas P. carmeli responded only to a combination of (E)-(−)-conophthorin and (E)-(+)-pityol. Male P. setosus and female P. carmeli responded to these treatments with larger numbers than opposite-sex conspecifics. (E)-(−)-Conophthorin alone did not attract species of Pityophthorus but significantly reduced catches of P. setosus to (E)-(+)-pityol. Lasconotus pertenuis Casey (Coleoptera: Colydiidae) and Ips mexicanus (Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) were attracted to a combination of (E)-(−)-conophthorin and (E)-(+)-pityol, and showed a trend for attraction to all (E)-(−)-conophthorin-containing treatments. (E)-(−)-Pityol was neither attractive nor interruptive for any taxon. (E)-(+)-Pityol is shown to be an aggregation pheromone component for P. carmeli and P. setosus. (E)-(−)-Conophthorin functions as a pheromone component for P. carmeli and may also function as a synomone that decreases competition of P. carmeli and P. nitidulus with P. setosus and as a kairomone for L. pertenuis. These semiochemicals have been useful in studying relationships among twig insects and the pathogen Fusarium circinatum (Nirenberg and O’Donnell), causal agent of pitch canker disease in P. radiata.

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First report and characterization of Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker in Brazil

Tropical Plant Pathology ◽

10.1590/s1982-56762014000300004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 210-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ludwig H. Pfenning ◽

Sarah da Silva Costa ◽

Maruzanete Pereira de Melo ◽

Hélcio Costa ◽

José Aires Ventura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Causal Agent ◽

Pitch Canker ◽

Fusarium Circinatum ◽

First Report

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Global Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Fusarium circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11070724 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 724 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rein Drenkhan ◽

Beccy Ganley ◽

Jorge Martín-García ◽

Petr Vahalík ◽

Kalev Adamson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Host Species ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Global Distribution ◽

Host Susceptibility ◽

Pitch Canker ◽

Fusarium Circinatum ◽

Susceptible Host ◽

Pinus Spp

Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker (PPC), is currently one of the most important threats of Pinus spp. globally. This pathogen is known in many pine-growing regions, including natural and planted forests, and can affect all life stages of trees, from emerging seedlings to mature trees. Despite the importance of PPC, the global distribution of F. circinatum is poorly documented, and this problem is also true of the hosts within countries that are affected. The aim of this study was to review the global distribution of F. circinatum, with a particular focus on Europe. We considered (1) the current and historical pathogen records, both positive and negative, based on confirmed reports from Europe and globally; (2) the genetic diversity and population structure of the pathogen; (3) the current distribution of PPC in Europe, comparing published models of predicted disease distribution; and (4) host susceptibility by reviewing literature and generating a comprehensive list of known hosts for the fungus. These data were collated from 41 countries and used to compile a specially constructed geo-database. A review of 6297 observation records showed that F. circinatum and the symptoms it causes on conifers occurred in 14 countries, including four in Europe, and is absent in 28 countries. Field observations and experimental data from 138 host species revealed 106 susceptible host species including 85 Pinus species, 6 non-pine tree species and 15 grass and herb species. Our data confirm that susceptibility to F. circinatum varies between different host species, tree ages and environmental characteristics. Knowledge on the geographic distribution, host range and the relative susceptibility of different hosts is essential for disease management, mitigation and containment strategies. The findings reported in this review will support countries that are currently free of F. circinatum in implementing effective procedures and restrictions and prevent further spread of the pathogen.

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Screening of Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) for resistance to Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of Pitch Canker disease

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1093/forestry/cpr055 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 185-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

M. Vivas ◽

R. Zas ◽

A. Solla

Keyword(s):

Pinus Pinaster ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Maritime Pine ◽

Pitch Canker ◽

Fusarium Circinatum ◽

Canker Disease

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Variation in Rates of Spore Deposition of Fusarium circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker, Over a 12-Month-Period at Two Locations in Northern California

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-98-1-0137 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 98 (1) ◽

pp. 137-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

M. Garbelotto ◽

T. Smith ◽

W. Schweigkofler

Keyword(s):

Causal Agent ◽

Pitch Canker ◽

Northern California ◽

Fusarium Circinatum ◽

Monterey Pine ◽

Forest Pathogen ◽

Aerial Dispersal ◽

Trapping Method ◽

Spore Trapping ◽

Spore Deposition

Patterns of spore deposition by Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker (PPC) of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) and other conifers, were studied between May 2003 and April 2004 at two sites in Northern California using a novel spore trapping method combined with a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach. At each study site, two plots were sampled by placing spore traps at 100 m intervals along transects 600 m in length. The air was sampled continuously by exchanging the spore traps every 2 weeks. The spore deposition rate (DR), ranged from 0 to 1.3 × 105 spores m–2. Spores were detected throughout the year, with higher trapping frequencies (TF) during the rainy season (November to April), than during the dry season (May to October). The detection of spores on traps at distances larger than 200 m from any Monterey pine, suggests at least midrange aerial dispersal. Finally, different inoculum loads were associated with trees displaying different levels of disease symptoms, suggesting infectiousness of the pathogen varies as the disease progresses. This study represents one of the first documenting continuous inoculum pressure values over an entire year for a forest pathogen, and provides important epidemiological information that will be invaluable in the development of disease progression models.

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Potential for outcrossing in an apparently asexual population ofFusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker disease

Mycologia ◽

10.1080/00275514.2000.12061256 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 92 (6) ◽

pp. 1085-1090 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karen Wikler ◽

Thomas R. Gordon ◽

Sharon L. Clark ◽

Michael J. Wingfield ◽

Henriette Britz

Keyword(s):

Causal Agent ◽

Pitch Canker ◽

Asexual Population ◽

Canker Disease

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A Comparative Study of the Pathogenicity of Fusarium circinatum and other Fusarium Species in Polish Provenances of P. sylvestris L.

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9090560 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 560 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kateryna Davydenko ◽

Justyna Nowakowska ◽

Tomasz Kaluski ◽

Magdalena Gawlak ◽

Katarzyna Sadowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scots Pine ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Pitch Canker ◽

Fusarium Circinatum ◽

Northern Spain ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Unintentional Introduction ◽

Different Levels

The fungal pathogen Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of Pine Pitch Canker (PPC), a disease which seriously affects different species of pine in forests and nurseries worldwide. In Europe, the fungus affects pines in northern Spain and Portugal, and it has also been detected in France and Italy. Here, we report the findings of the first trial investigating the susceptibility of Polish provenances of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., to infection by F. circinatum. In a greenhouse experiment, 16 Polish provenances of Scots pine were artificially inoculated with F. circinatum and with six other Fusarium species known to infect pine seedlings in nurseries. All pines proved highly susceptible to PPC and displayed different levels of susceptibility to the other Fusarium spp. tested. The findings obtained indicate the potentially strong threat of establishment of an invasive pathogen such as F. circinatum following unintentional introduction into Poland.

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