Recycling of mushroom compost wheat straw in the diet of feedlot calves with two physical forms

Mushroom compost manufacturers in Ireland are moving away from the traditional outdoor phase I windrow method, favouring in-vessel production. Composters and growers have reported better quality compost with faster spawn run and higher yields produced by this process. In the present study, physical examination of samples highlighted differences when comparing the windrow and in-vessel methods of compost production. Observations using scanning electron microscopy suggest that the cuticle of wheat straw from in-vessel production is damaged during phase I, peeling away from the surface in fragments, and exposing the epidermis. Changes in silicon levels on the straw surface acted as a marker for cuticle damage when comparing both composting systems. Cuticle damage may be important during composting and afterwards, as substrate colonisation is faster, and consequently spawn run is shorter. The phase I compost microbial community is altered by the in-vessel technique, producing a predominantly thermophilic bacterial flora in contrast to the mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria and fungi found in windrow phase I compost. These differences may be significant in mushroom compost production.Key words: windrow, in-vessel, compost, cuticle, straw.

Download Full-text

Nutritive value of Agaricus bisporus mushroom spent wheat straw as ruminant feed

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200008097 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2002 ◽

pp. 153-153

Author(s):

H. Fazaeli ◽

A.R. Talebian Masoodi

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Agaricus Bisporus ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Edible Mushroom ◽

Animal Nutrition ◽

Limited Information ◽

Mushroom Compost ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

High Level ◽

Ruminant Feed

Since last decades, much interest has been evidenced for bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials such as production of edible mushroom. In Iran, the mushroom industry has been expanded during the last 20 years and currently more than 50000 tons of mushroom compost is produced annually by aerobic fermentation system. The compost remained after cropping of mushroom constitutes a potential pollutant and its disposal increases the production cost. This waste material is usually rich of microorganisms and extra cellular enzymes (Ball and Jacksa, 1995) and contains a high level of nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and trace elements and more degradable than the original straw in the rumen (Zadrazil, 1997). However, there are limited information regarding the nutritive value and utilisation of the mushroom spent straw in animal nutrition. This experiment was conducted to study the nutritive value and acceptability of the Agaricus bisporus mushroom spent wheat straw, obtained from bag system mushroom growing in sheep nutrition.

Download Full-text

Modification in the properties of paper by using cellulase-free xylanase produced from alkalophilic Cellulosimicrobium cellulans CKMX1 in biobleaching of wheat straw pulp

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2015-0178 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (9) ◽

pp. 671-681 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Abhishek Walia ◽

Preeti Mehta ◽

Shiwani Guleria ◽

Chand Karan Shirkot

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Pulp And Paper ◽

Mushroom Compost ◽

Bleached Pulp ◽

Cellulosimicrobium Cellulans ◽

Wheat Straw Pulp ◽

Pulp Strength ◽

Cellulosimicrobium Cellulans Ckmx1

Alkalophilic Cellulosimicrobium cellulans CKMX1 isolated from mushroom compost is an actinomycete that produces industrially important and environmentally safer thermostable cellulase-free xylanase, which is used in the pulp and paper industry as an alternative to the use of toxic chlorinated compounds. Strain CKMX1 was previously characterized by metabolic fingerprinting, whole-cell fatty acids methyl ester analysis, and 16S rDNA and was found to be C. cellulans CKMX1. Crude enzyme (1027.65 U/g DBP) produced by C. cellulans CKMX1, having pH and temperature optima of 8.0 and 60 °C, respectively, in solid state fermentation of apple pomace, was used in the production of bleached wheat straw pulp. Pretreatment with xylanase at a dose of 5 U/g after pulping decreased pulp kappa points by 1.4 as compared with the control. Prebleaching with a xylanase dose of 5 U/g pulp reduced the chlorine charge by 12.5%, increased the final brightness points by approximately 1.42% ISO, and improved the pulp strength properties. Xylanase could be substituted for alkali extraction in C–Ep–D sequence and used for treating chemically bleached pulp, resulting in bleached pulp with higher strength properties. Modification of bleached pulp with 5 U of enzyme/g increased pulp whiteness and breaking length by 1.03% and 60 m, respectively; decreased tear factor of pulp by 7.29%; increased bulk weight by 3.99%, as compared with the original pulp. Reducing sugars and UV-absorbing lignin-derived compound values were considerably higher in xylanase-treated samples. Cellulosimicrobium cellulans CKMX1 has a potential application in the pulp and paper industries.

Download Full-text

Effect of Sesbania sesban on cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, Basidiomycota, and properties of spent mushroom compost outcome

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2018-0068 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 652-657 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Husam Mahmod Rashid ◽

Idham Ali Abed ◽

Mustafa Nadhim Owaid

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Agaricus Bisporus ◽

Sesbania Sesban ◽

Mushroom Compost ◽

Button Mushroom ◽

High Increase ◽

Spent Mushroom Compost

Abstract Because wheat straw has a high cost as a feed for livestock, this work aims to use straw of Egyptian pea (Sesbania sesban) in compost preparation as an alternative for the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus. Six composts were used within this study on two mushroom strains A. bisporus (C9 and F599 strains). The type of compost has a significant (p<0.05) effect on the size of button mushroom fruits. WHS1 compost exhibited the best diameter of pileus at 5.28 cm while WCS1 compost showed the lowest diameter reaching 4.68 cm. A. bisporus C9 had the longest stipe while A. bisporus F599 has the greatest cap diameter.A. bisporus F599 showed a larger ratio of the diameter of pileus to the length of stipe (DP/ LS ratio) (1.14) compared with C9 (1.07). C:N ratios of compost decreased significantly (p<0.05) after cultivation of mushrooms because of the high increase of nitrogen content in spent mushroom compost (SMC). Finally, the straw of S. sesban is suitable as a supplement for the cultivation of A. bisporus.

Download Full-text