Imparting Water Repellency to Leather through an Organo Metallic Chromium Complex

Organometallic compounds are finding novel applications and benefitting mankind in many ways. The present work relates to the development of such compounds that shall be locally available, cheap, durable and compatible water repellent for leather. The work methodology is so that first there is selection of method of preparation in which the easiest and most economical method is selected. Suitable methods of applications are then elucidated. Finally, some necessary tests of performance are conducted. There are certain weak areas, which are highlighted.

Design of Rigid Body Dynamics for Pitch Regulation Mechanism to Maximize Energy Capture by Wind Turbine

Wind turbines are generally designed for specific wind speeds and at below or above these speeds wind turbine could not give the expected maximum power. To obtain the maximum power at different wind speeds, pitching mechanism of the blades introduced. Mostly active pitching is used on large scale but the study gives detail advantages, design and analysis of passive pitching which is free of electronics. The study suggested the design that through centrifugal masses the rotor is able to changes the pitch angles through 10 degrees which are enough for wind speed ranges from 4-20 m/s which maintain the optimum angle of attack maximizing the power output. This report includes an in- depth analysis of design process, detailed components and assembly, recommendations, and conclusions.

Restoring Initially Cracked Reinforced Concrete Beams utilizing Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strips

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips are widely used all over the globe as a repair and strengthening material for concrete elements. This paper looks at comparison of numerous methods to rehabilitate concrete beams with the use of CFRP sheet strips. This research work consists of 4 under-reinforced, properly cured RCC beams under two point loading test. One beam was loaded till failure, which was considered the control beam for comparison. Other 3 beams were load till the appearance of initial crack, which normally occurred at third-quarters of failure load and then repaired with different ratios and design of CFRP sheet strips. Afterwards, the repaired beams were loaded again till failure and the results were compared with control beam. Deflections and ultimate load were noted for all concrete beams. It was found out the use of CFRP sheet strips did increase the maximum load bearing capacity of cracked beams, although their behavior was more brittle as compared with control beam.

Remote Heart Beat Monitoring System

There is an increased prevalence of heart diseases in developing countries and continuous monitoring of heart beats is very much important to reduce hospital visits, health costs and complications. The Internet of Things (IoT) equipped with microcontrollers and sensors can give an easy and cost-effective remote health monitoring. We developed a Heart Beat monitoring module based on an android application. The software involved was the Android Application developed using Android Studio, which is the Integrated Development Environment (IDE). This app retrieved the data from the open IoT platform thingspeak.com. A highly sensitive Pulse Sensor was used to measure the heartbeat of the patient automatically. An Arduino Uno microcontroller interfaced with a Wi-Fi module ESP8266 used to transmit pulse reading over the internet using Wi-Fi. The heartbeat was displayed on the LCD of the patient in run-time. The heartbeat in beats per minute (BPM) was plotted against time (minutes). A mounted pulse sensor to the patient had monitored the heartbeat and transmitted it in the form of voltage signal to the microcontroller, which converted it back into a mathematical value. The Arduino transmitted the data onto the thingspeak.com portal, where it was plotted on a graph and the values were stored for future assessment. The user of the app was given a things peak API and the channel number as an access code, through which physician or nurse can accessed the patient’s data. IoT based heartbeat module as an android application can provide a convenient, cost effective and continuous remote measurements for heart patients to help physicians and nurses update. This app can reduce the burden of hospital visits or admissions for elderly patients.

Non Orthogonal Multiple Access: Basic Concepts and Misconceptions

Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is fundamentally different from the Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) techniques as in NOMA the user make access to channel by using the same frequency and in the same time. In NOMA the multiplexing is performed in power domain by using superposition coding at the transmitter and receiver side uses Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) to separate the transmitted signals that are multiplexed in power domain. This technique is a possible candidate for future radio access so this is a hot topic in research. Being a different method from OMA that is implemented in all previous mobile communication generations several misconceptions have been developed about this technique. This paper give an overview about NOMA based system and also analyze the major misconceptions about this technique and also explain the concepts to resolve these mistaken beliefs.

Effect of Mixing Steel Dust and Shred-Like Steel Fibres on the Properties of Concrete

In this research, fine and coarse aggregates present in the concrete are replaced with steel dust and shred-like steel fibres, respectively in different ratios and its effect on the properties of concrete is studied. Eight batches of concrete were mixed, each with the mix proportion of 1:2:4 and water cement ratio of 0.52. Batch A was of normal concrete. In batches B, C, and D, 5%, 10%, and 15% of sand was replaced with steel dust. In batches, E, F, and G, 2%, 5%, and 8% of coarse aggregate were replaced with steel fibres. In the last batch H, both 5% of sand and 5% of coarse aggregate were replaced with steel fine and steel fibres respectively. British as well as American standards were followed during the research. Slump test was performed in a fresh state of each mix to find the effect of these replacements on workability. 12 cubes of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm for compressive strength test and 12 cylinders of 150mm diameter and 300mm height of each, for tensile strength test were made for each batch to check these strength after 3, 7, 14, 28 days. It was found that the workability of fresh concrete decreases while density of fresh as well as hardened concrete increases with these replacements. It also results in an increase in initial compressive strength and a decrease in final compressive strength as compared to those of normal concrete. As far as tensile strength is concerned an increase in initial as well as final strength was observed.

Review on Upgradation in Coal Flotation by Pretreatments

Flotation of low ranked/oxidized coal becomes difficult with oily collectors. The prime factor parts accounted by lessening in coal hydrophobicity are the occurrence of polar hydrocarbons groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl, phenol and peroxides) on the coal surface. The up-gradation in coal flotation has been achieved due to the enhancement in hydrophobicity by pretreatments. The dry coal is conditioned with the pretreatment steps of grinding, mixing/conditioning, ultra sound, thermal treatment, microwave and direct mixing of the chemical reagents prior to wetting. These are the pretreatments methods among them grinding, mixing/conditioning are contemplated to separate the oxidized film coating on the coal particles surfaces. The separations of impurities are also indicated from ultra-sonic treatment. The Separation of pore/hydration water and hydroxyl functional groups through coal surface is accounted by microwave and thermal pretreatments. The procedure regarding direct contact produce the oxidize coal evaded for collector deposit on coal surface. The interception generally rises from hydration carapace on coal surface; in this duration, coal surface is wetted by water. The present research study is highlighted to see the distinct pretreatment steps effects on the rate of coal flotation. It is a welcome result declaration with highly precise evaluation.

The Evolution of WordPress and Django Web Frameworks Using Lehman’s Laws

In recent time, the evolution of web applications have gained importance over the web development process and the factor of web evolution cannot be ignored by web developers. Web development has become complex and challengeable for web developers. The process of software evolution played an important role during the development of the software. Millions of web application have been developed every year around the world It has included various approaches, tools, and frameworks to reorganize the web applications with an improved version. Research has been shown that there are no proper and systematic techniques is available for evolving web applications. This special article has been written to make a comparative analysis of WordPress and Django web framework using Lehman’s laws of software evolution. It has been found that the six out of eight Lehman’s laws found valid during the evolution process for web frameworks.

Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater of Textile Industry Using Polymeric Nano-Adsorbent

Wastewater of textile industry having impurities and heavy metal ions cause problems in human society that can endanger the human health through food chain. Adsorption of heavy metal ions before draining makes wastewater safe for aquatic life and human health. Now a day’s adsorption of heavy metal through polymeric nano adsorbents is the emerging technology which is more efficient than conventional adsorbents like activated carbon. The pH 9.0 gave maximum 96% sorption of Co at 1.0 g/L adsorbent dosage, due to increased electrostatic force of attraction produced by the negative charge at the surface of sorbent which is favorable for adsorbing cationic species. In the beginning of15 minute retention time, metal ions adsorption was rapid due to availability of more number of adsorptive sites but further increase of retention time decreased the sorption capacity due to partial desorption that may occur due to the charge density and diameter of hydrated ions. Similarly in case of Cu, the maximum sorption was 95% at 7.0 pH using 1.0 g/L adsorbent dosage.