Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Sprint Interval Training on Time-Trial Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the 8-week of roller-ski aerobic high-intensity interval training on aerobic and anaerobic power in cross-country skiers. 10 male [age, 18,28±2,1 years; height, 171,26±4,12 cm; weight, 61,39±6,28 kg] and 8 female [age, 16,05±0.3 years; height, 158,3±6,47 cm; weight, 49,34±0.7 kg] junior cross-country skiers completed the study. All skiers performed 2x2-km all-out uphill intervals with roller-skis, 3 times a week, in addition to their traditional training program. Measurements included VO2max, anaerobic power, and also for 2-km time-trial performance. All values were listed as pre-to post-test mean [±SD], significant level, and percentage changes [%]. Pre-to post-testing changes in VO2max, anaerobic power, and also 2-km time-trial performance were significantly higher during all post-test trials in all groups [p<0.005]. As a result, we suggest that the skiers should integrate the roller-ski aerobic high-intensity interval uphill models in their training programs for improving performance.

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A flow resistive inspiratory muscle training mask worn during high-intensity interval training does not improve 5 km running time-trial performance

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-020-04505-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mark A. Faghy ◽

Peter I. Brown ◽

Nicola M. Davis ◽

J. P. Mayes ◽

Tom M. Maden-Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Time Trial ◽

Interval Training ◽

Inspiratory Muscle ◽

Inspiratory Muscle Training ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Muscle Training ◽

Time Trial Performance ◽

High Intensity Interval ◽

Trial Performance

Abstract Purpose There is little evidence of the ergogenic effect of flow-resistive masks worn during exercise. We compared a flow-resistive face mask (MASK) worn during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) against pressure threshold loading inspiratory muscle training (IMT). Methods 23 participants (13 males) completed a 5 km time trial and six weeks of HIIT (3 sessions weekly). HIIT (n = 8) consisted of repeated work (2 min) at the speed equivalent to 95% $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$ V ˙ O2 peak with equal rest. Repetitions were incremental (six in weeks 1, 2 and 6, eight in weeks 3 and 4 and ten in week 5). Participants were allocated to one of three training groups. MASK (n = 8) wore a flow-resistive mask during all sessions. The IMT group (n = 8) completed 2 × 30 breaths daily at 50% maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax). A control group (CON, n = 7) completed HIIT only. Following HIIT, participants completed two 5 km time trials, the first matched identically to pre-intervention trial (ISO time), and a self-paced effort. Results Time trial performance was improved in all groups (MASK 3.1 ± 1.7%, IMT, 5.7 ± 1.5% and CON 2.6 ± 1.0%, p < 0.05). IMT improved greater than MASK and CON (p = 0.004). Post intervention, PImax and diaphragm thickness were improved in IMT only (32% and 9.5%, respectively, p = 0.003 and 0.024). Conclusion A flow-resistive mask worn during HIIT provides no benefit to 5 km performance when compared to HIIT only. Supplementing HIIT with IMT improves respiratory muscle strength, morphology and performance greater than HIIT alone.

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Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation Does Not Augment Fitness, Performance, or Body Composition Adaptations in Response to Four Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training in Young Females

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0129 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 285-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Scott C. Forbes ◽

Nathan Sletten ◽

Cody Durrer ◽

Étienne Myette-Côté ◽

D. Candow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

High Intensity ◽

Time Trial ◽

Interval Training ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Time Trial Performance ◽

High Intensity Interval ◽

Trial Performance

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, performance, body composition, and insulin sensitivity. Creatine (Cr) supplementation may augment responses to HIIT, leading to even greater physiological adaptations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 4 weeks of HIIT (three sessions/week) combined with Cr supplementation in recreationally active females. Seventeen females (age = 23 ± 4 yrs; BMI = 23.4 ± 2.4) were randomly assigned to either Cr (Cr; 0.3 g・kg-1・d-1 for 5 d followed by 0.1 g・kg-1・d-1 for 23 days; n = 9) or placebo (PLA; n = 8). Before and after the intervention, VO2peak, ventilatory threshold (VT), time-trial performance, lean body mass and fat mass, and insulin sensitivity were assessed. HIIT improved VO2peak (Cr = +10.2%; PLA = +8.8%), VT (Cr = +12.7%; PLA = +9.9%), and time-trial performance (Cr = -11.5%; PLA = -11.6%) with no differences between groups (time main effects, all p < .001). There were no changes over time for fat mass (Cr = -0.3%; PLA = +4.3%), whole-body lean mass (Cr = +0.5%; PLA = -0.9%), or insulin resistance (Cr = +3.9%; PLA = +18.7%). In conclusion, HIIT is an effective way to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, VT, and time-trial performance. The addition of Cr to HIIT did not augment improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, performance or body composition in recreationally active females.

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