Seasonal and altitudinal differences in coffee leaf rust epidemics on coffee berry disease-resistant varieties in Southwest Ethiopia

This study was conducted with the objective to assess the incidence and severity of coffee berry disease (CBD) and coffee leaf rust (CLR) in the highland of Eastern Ethiopia. In the east Hararge Zone of Eastern Ethiopia, coffee was grown by 331,651 holders on 7,584 ha with a production output of 3,722 tons and a yield of 0.5 ton/ha in 2017. Bedeno is the leading coffee producer district in the Zone followed by Melka-ballo, Deder and Meta districts. In Bedeno, coffee is mainly grown in altitudes ranging from 1690 to 2260 masl. Coffeeberry disease and leaf rust are the two major diseases of coffee in the area. A total of 34 representative coffee farms at nine study sites (3-4 coffee farms at the interval of 3-5 kilometers) were selected through discussion with Bedeno district’s coffee experts. The study sites were selected using sequential sampling techniques through discussions with the district’s coffee experts. Incidence of coffee berry disease and leaf rust was determined as percentage of diseased trees. Disease severity was determined as percentage of diseased coffee berries per plot. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of this study revealed the incidence of CBD in Bedeno district ranged from 30.0 to 93.3% with a mean of 70.19%. The severity of the CBD was from 13.3% to 44.4% with an average severity of 28.53%. Both incidence and severity of CBD were high at Barkalle followed by Barakat and Hindhessa areas. On the other hand, the incidence of coffee leaf rust varied from 18.9 to 87.4% with a mean of 52.7%. The high mean incidence of CLR at highland areas of eastern Ethiopia is clear evidence for the occurrence of climate change in the area. Hence, it is advisable to introduce improved coffee varieties that are resistant to coffee berry disease and leaf rust for production in the area. Training farmers to implement proper cultural disease management practices such as prunning and sucker management will also help alleviate the constraint.

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Coffee resistance to the main diseases: leaf rust and coffee berry disease

Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1590/s1677-04202006000100010 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 119-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

Maria do Céu Silva ◽

Victor Várzea ◽

Leonor Guerra-Guimarães ◽

Helena Gil Azinheira ◽

Diana Fernandez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Plant Disease Resistance ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Effective Means ◽

Plant Defence ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Research Progress ◽

Coffee Berry ◽

Coffee Berry Disease ◽

Coffee Leaf Rust

Considerable success has been obtained in the use of classical breeding to control economically important plant diseases, such as the coffee leaf rust and the coffee berry disease (CBD). There is a strong consensus that growing genetically resistant varieties is the most appropriate cost effective means of managing plant diseases and is one of the key components of crop improvement. It has also been recognized that a better knowledge of both, the pathogens and the plant defence mechanisms will allow the development of novel approaches to enhance the durability of resistance. After a brief description of concepts in the field of plant disease resistance, we attempt to give a view of the research progress on coffee leaf rust and CBD concerned with the pathogens infection and variability, coffee breeding for resistance and coffee resistance mechanisms.

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Coffee Berry Disease and Coffee Leaf Rust in Kenya

Outlook on Agriculture ◽

10.1177/003072706400400204 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 72-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. J. Nutman ◽

F. M. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Coffee Berry ◽

Coffee Berry Disease ◽

Coffee Leaf Rust

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Responses of Compact Coffee Clones Against Coffee Berry and Coffee Leaf Rust Diseases in Tanzania

Journal of Plant Studies ◽

10.5539/jps.v2n2p81 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Deusdedit L. Kilambo ◽

Shazia O. W. M. Reuben ◽

Delphina P. Mamiro

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Coffee Berry ◽

Rust Diseases ◽

Coffee Leaf Rust

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Arabica Coffee Production in Kenya: An Overview

Outlook on Agriculture ◽

10.1177/003072708601500207 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 88-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. M. Masaba ◽

J. B. O. Owuor ◽

M. P. H. Gathaara

Keyword(s):

Foreign Exchange ◽

Breeding Programme ◽

Coffee Berry ◽

Coffee Production ◽

Arabica Coffee ◽

Coffee Berry Disease ◽

Disease Resistant ◽

The 1960S ◽

Intensive Breeding

Coffee is of basic importance to the Kenyan economy, producing about 30 per cent of the total foreign exchange earnings. In the 1960s severe losses from coffee berry disease led to the launching of an intensive breeding programme that has resulted in a new cultivar which is disease resistant, high yielding, and compact in growth and produces good quality arabica coffee.

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Current status on coffee leaf rust (hemileia vastatrix) in sidama and gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia

International Journal of Agricultural Extension ◽

10.33687/009.01.3354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ano Wariyo ◽

Habtamu Gebreselassie ◽

Wondmagegnehu Gerbatsedik ◽

Kifle Belachew

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Regression Equation ◽

Current Status ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Hemileia Vastatrix ◽

Resistant Varieties ◽

Coffee Leaf Rust ◽

Control Disease ◽

Extent Of Damage

Coffee is the most important and second traded commodity next to oil in the world. In Ethiopia, coffee leaf rust caused by Hemileia vastatrix is one of the third most economically important diseases of Coffee Arabica. The current status of coffee leaf rust was intensively assessed and examined in 189 sample coffee farms from six districts across major coffee growing areas of the Southern Ethiopia. At each farm, ten randomly selected trees on a diagonal transect across the farm were assessed for disease incidence and severity. The survey data showed that coffee leaf rust was present in all assessed district varying in magnitude and extent of damage. The highest overall mean of rust incidence (38.6%) and severity (13.80%) was recorded at Dilla zuria while the lowest incidence (10.52%) and severity (1.38%) was at Yergachaffee district. The highest altitude range was obtained at Yergachaffee (1838-2056) while the lowest was at Dilla zuria (1434-1825) district. Overall mean severity and incidence result indicate that, there was statistical (p = 0.058 for severity, p = 0.044 for incidence) and negative correlation between intensity and altitude (severity, r= -0.80 and incidence, r= -0.82). The linear regression equation of severity and incidence obtained from the data was Y= -0.036X+73.16 and Y = -0.074X +158.9 (where Y= percentage CLR severity and incidence, respectively and X= altitude). This regression equation implies that, in higher elevation areas the rust intensity was low as compare to the lower elevation. Finally, the disease was remarkably increasing from time to time in all assessed coffee farms. Therefore, appropriate measurement like farmers’ awareness creation and training on how to control disease as well as appropriate agronomic managements has to be seriously undertaken. In addition, development of coffee leaf rust resistant varieties to southern Ethiopia through resistant breeding has to be set high priority.

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Marker-Assisted Pyramiding of Multiple Disease Resistance Genes in Coffee Genotypes (Coffea arabica)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11091763 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1763

Author(s):

Dênia Pires de Almeida ◽

Eveline Teixeira Caixeta ◽

Karoliny Ferreira Moreira ◽

Antonio Carlos Baião de Oliveira ◽

Kátia Nogueira Pestana de Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Caps Marker ◽

Coffee Berry ◽

Hemileia Vastatrix ◽

Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽

F2 Population ◽

Coffee Leaf Rust ◽

Multiple Disease Resistance

The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective strategy for controlling coffee leaf rust caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix. To assist the development of such cultivars, amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLP) markers linked to two loci of coffee resistance to races I and II as well as pathotype 001 of H. vastatrix were converted to sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) and cleaved amplified polymorphic site (CAPS) markers. In total, 2 SCAR markers and 1 CAPS marker were validated in resistant and susceptible parents as well as in 247 individuals from the F2 population. The efficiency of these markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) was evaluated in F2:3 and backcross (BCrs2) populations genotyped with the developed markers and phenotyped with race II of H. vastatrix. The markers showed 90% efficiency in MAS. Therefore, the developed markers, together with molecular markers associated with other rust resistance genes, were used for F3:4 and BCrs3 coffee selection. The selected plants were analyzed using two markers associated with coffee berry disease (CBD) resistance, aiming for preventive breeding. MAS of F3:4 and BCrs3 individuals with all resistance loci was feasible. Our phenotypic and genotypic approaches are useful for the development of coffee genotypes with multiple genes conferring resistance to coffee leaf rust and CBD.

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Coffee Production Challenges and Opportunities in Tanzania: The Case Study of Coffee Farmers in Iwindi, Msia and Lwati Villages in Mbeya Region

Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research ◽

10.9734/ajahr/2019/v3i229993 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Hillary M. O. Otieno ◽

Beryle A. Alwenge ◽

Oliver Otieno Okumu

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Service Provider ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Primary Data ◽

Coffee Berry ◽

Coffee Production ◽

Coffee Leaf Rust ◽

Old Trees

Coffee is one of the most popular cash crops grown in Tanzania. However, its productivity has remained low due to various biotic, abiotic and socio-economic factors prevailing in Mbeya Region. These production challenges have never been properly and intensively documented for better decision making. Therefore, this study was set to assess and provide a better understanding of the current production situation and available technologies and practices for enhancing coffee production in the region. The research was carried out in Iwindi, Msia and Lwati villages located in Mbeya Region. Two sources of data were used; (a) primary data collected through focus group discussion; and (b) secondary data collected through a systematic and intensive process that involved searching and collecting relevant publications. From the research, farmers were found to grow very old trees that were more than 20 years. The soils were found to have low levels of nutrients and organic matter. Soils are also acidic, a pH below 5.5. High prevalence of pests such as coffee berry and stem borers and diseases like coffee leaf rust, Fusarium spp., bacterial blight, and red blister were reported in the region. Poor agronomic practices involving intensive intercropping of coffee with trees, other food crops like banana, beans and using generally low tree densities per hectare was observed. Poor extension services due to unbalanced extension agent to farmer ratio (about 1:1800) were found to be one of the causes for poor adoption of best coffee agronomy. Lack of market information and low coffee prices were found to demoralize farmers as it leads to a low return on investment. When asked about their ‘priority training and input support requirements’, all farmers mentioned best coffee agronomy and fertilizer use training. They also mentioned fertilizers (especially Urea or Yara Mila Java blend products) and pesticides (for berry borer, stem borer, Coffee berry disease, and coffee leaf rust) inputs as key for better yields. All these inputs and training require money and service provider. Bundling of training and inputs together could make it easier for any service provider to help farmers increase their yields.

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