The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbie Ethridge
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Colonial Era

The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Seeking Safety ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Plantation Slavery ◽  
Deerskin Trade ◽  
Gain Access

This book synthesizes the landscape histories of Native Americans in southeastern North America from the arrival of the Spaniards in the sixteenth century to the first decades of the American Republic. Relying on archaeological data and historical sources, the work outlines the ways in which Native populations accommodated and contested the growing encroachments of colonialism and colonial powers. Traditional landscape practices were greatly transformed by epidemic diseases, chronic warfare, and a widespread slave trade in Indian populations. Research demonstrates that populations adapted to these challenges in two major ways. First, they built on traditional histories of mobility to develop new modes of migration and travel to escape regions of conflict and to gain access to important colonial towns and resources. Second, seeking safety in numbers, Native Americans increasingly formed coalescent communities composed of two or more cultural groups. These coalescent communities evolved into the groups known today as Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, Catawbas, and Seminoles. The study further explores how the evolution of these groups was connected to events and processes of the broader political economy in the Atlantic World, including the rise of plantation slavery, the growth of the deerskin trade, the birth of the consumer revolution, and the emergence of capitalism.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
Maurice Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Indigenous Nations ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family Gathering ◽  
The U.S

The conclusion briefly highlights the cases of Miguel Trujillo (Isleta Pueblo) and Frank Harrison (Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation), whose 1948 legal challenges led to the overturning of Native American voter restrictions in New Mexico and Arizona, respectively. It argues that we must view such legal cases as part of a long history of Indigenous electorates, and not simply as the culmination or end point. From the Spanish colonial era through the U.S. territorial period in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands, Indigenous peoples elected individuals who worked tirelessly and at great sacrifice to ensure tribal sovereignty. The conclusion ends with the author’s family gathering for a tribal election in fall 2016, which the author argues must be seen as a continuation of the elections most important to Indigenous communities; those that pertain to leadership in Indigenous nations and maintaining self-government.

The Indigenous Presence and Central American-American Writers in the United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Arias
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native American ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Written Form ◽  
American Case ◽  
The 1960S

The study of Native American and Indigenous literatures reveals how native knowledges resisted the Westernizing onslaught implemented forcefully since the beginning of the colonial era by colonial authorities, and after the 19th century by ruling national elites that shared with colonial authorities their belief that local Indigenous cultures needed to be Westernized to be saved. Despite its brutal enforcement, ancestral knowledges managed to resist and survived through the many social crises and transformations that took place from the 16th to the late 20th century. Their lingering effects are visible in this new literary corpus that began to appear in print since the 1960s. In the Latin American case, it is a literary production that is bilingual in nature, as all the authors publish in their own language and in Spanish. The authors in question have rescued their maternal languages in written form and standardized their systems of writing. As Central American-American Indigenous subjects migrate to the United States, they carry with them ancestral knowledges and written literatures as well.

Iroquoia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Shannon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Native American ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The Political ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
European Contact ◽  
History Of

This chapter explores the history of the region dominated by the Iroquois League—a Native American confederacy made up of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora nations. The chapter traces the shifting identity and geographic borders of Iroquoia in the Great Lakes region, from the era of European contact to the present day. Through a deft combination of warfare and diplomacy during the colonial era, the Iroquois established the most powerful Indian confederacy in northeastern America. The political influence and territorial integrity of this confederacy was badly shaken during the revolutionary era, but the cultural identity of the Iroquois remains strongly rooted in modern New York and Canada, and for that reason Iroquoia continues to exist in the present day.

Apocalypse Now and Then?

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-204
Author(s):  
Charles R. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
Consumer Revolution

The concluding chapter critically evaluates a received wisdom in the literature that pre-European contact polities collapsed from the impacts of colonialism. An argument is made for a more nuanced perspective on major cultural transformations and a closer interrogation of the implications of terms like collapse. As an alternative, this chapter forwards the thesis that, rather than a single collapse, Native American landscapes underwent a series of major alterations through the colonial era. These were linked to demographic decline and conflict; the emergence of the consumer revolution; the manipulation of debt by colonial and American governments; and the development of capitalism. As a concluding point, the author argues that Native American cultures successfully navigated these changes even as they were transformed by them.

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