scholarly journals Predation of invasive raccoon (Procyon lotor) on hibernating bats in the Nietoperek reserve in Poland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Cichocki ◽  
Agnieszka Ważna ◽  
Anna Bator-Kocoł ◽  
Grzegorz Lesiński ◽  
Renata Grochowalska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Procyon Lotor ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Myotis Myotis ◽  
Myotis Nattereri ◽  
Anthropogenic Food

AbstractThe raccoon Procyon lotor is an invasive species inhabiting Europe and its impact on local populations, particularly on endangered species, is not well known. The aim of the study was to determine whether raccoons pose a threat to bats wintering in the Nietoperek nature reserve, one of the largest hibernation sites in Central Europe. In the winter of 2016–2017, 67 raccoon scats were collected in one of the main underground corridors in the reserve. It was confirmed, with the use of molecular methods, that the scats belonged to raccoons. Raccoon prey was identified based on the features of skulls, jaws or hair found in the scats. Analysis of the determinable remains indicates that bats (including Daubenton’s bat/Natterer’s bat/Brandt’s bat M. daubentonii/nattereri/brandtii, Natterer’s bat Myotis nattereri, greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis, brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus) made up the largest percentage of raccoon diet (96%). Remains of other mammal species, lizards Lacerta spp., plant materials and anthropogenic food were also identified in raccoon scats. The results of the research indicate that predation by raccoons can constitute a significant factor in the increasing mortality of bats wintering in Nietoperek.

scholarly journals Role of New Nature Reserve in Assisting Endangered Species Conservation - Case Study of Giant Pandas in the Northern Qionglai Mountains, China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e0159738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Pei Guan ◽  
Jacob R. Owens ◽  
Ming-Hao Gong ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Zhi-Yun Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Giant Pandas

scholarly journals Scale-dependent portfolio effects explain growth inflation and volatility reduction in landscape demography

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (47) ◽  
pp. 12507-12511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cang Hui ◽  
Gordon A. Fox ◽  
Jessica Gurevitch
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Attainable Set ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Accumulation Curve ◽  
Invasive Organisms ◽  
Regional Population

Population demography is central to fundamental ecology and for predicting range shifts, decline of threatened species, and spread of invasive organisms. There is a mismatch between most demographic work, carried out on few populations and at local scales, and the need to predict dynamics at landscape and regional scales. Inspired by concepts from landscape ecology and Markowitz’s portfolio theory, we develop a landscape portfolio platform to quantify and predict the behavior of multiple populations, scaling up the expectation and variance of the dynamics of an ensemble of populations. We illustrate this framework using a 35-y time series on gypsy moth populations. We demonstrate the demography accumulation curve in which the collective growth of the ensemble depends on the number of local populations included, highlighting a minimum but adequate number of populations for both regional-scale persistence and cross-scale inference. The attainable set of landscape portfolios further suggests tools for regional population management for both threatened and invasive species.

scholarly journals Predator recognition and responses in the endangered Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica)

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Culum Brown ◽  
Jennifer Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Perch Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Threatening Processes

Macquarie perch, Macquaria austalasica, is an endangered species endemic to southern Australia whose distribution is highly fragmented and continues to decline. Key threatening processes include habitat destruction, dams and weirs, overfishing and interactions with introduced species. Here, we examined the responses of small and large Macquarie perch to two native predators and to the introduced redfin perch, Perca fluviatilis. Our results showed that Macquarie perch generally avoided large-bodied native predators but was attracted to small-bodied native predators. Responses to large and small redfin perch lay between these two extremes, suggesting that the Macquarie perch does treat these foreign fish as potential threats. Macquarie perch relied on both visual and chemical cues to identify predators, although its response tended to be stronger when exposed to visual cues. The results suggest that Macquarie perch has the capacity to recognise and respond to invasive species in a threat-sensitive manner, which has positive implications for the conservation management of the species.

scholarly journals Critically Endangered Arabian leopards Panthera pardus nimr persist in the Jabal Samhan Nature Reserve, Oman

Oryx ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Andrew Spalton ◽  
Hadi Musalam al Hikmani ◽  
David Willis ◽  
Ali Salim Bait Said
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Red List ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Trail Use ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Temporal Overlap

Between 1997 and 2000 a survey of the Arabian subspecies of leopard Panthera pardus nimr was conducted in the little known Jabal Samhan Nature Reserve in southern Oman. Using camera-traps 251 photographic records were obtained of 17 individual leopards; nine females, five males, two adults of unknown sex and one cub. Leopards were usually solitary and trail use and movements suggested large ranges characterized by spatial sharing but little temporal overlap. More active by day than night in undisturbed areas, overall the leopards exhibited two peaks in activity, morning and evening. The survey also provided records of leopard prey species and first records of nine Red List mammal species previously unrecorded in Jabal Samhan. Although people are mostly absent from the Reserve there is some conflict between leopards and shepherds who live outside the Reserve. The numbers and activities of frankincense harvesters in the Reserve need to be managed to safeguard the leopard and its habitat. The main challenge for the future is to find ways whereby local communities can benefit from the presence of the Reserve and from the leopards that the Reserve seeks to safeguard.

scholarly journals Wildlife knowledge among migrants in southern Sumatra, Indonesia: implications for conservation

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Nyhus ◽  
Sumianto ◽  
Ronald Tilson
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Traditional Ecological Knowledge ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Biodiversity Research ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
Way Kambas National Park ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Demographic Shifts

The value of traditional ecological knowledge for biodiversity research and conservation is widely recognized. The value of wildlife knowledge provided by recent migrants is less clear. Photographs of 10 mammal species were shown to 622 individuals in communities near Way Kambas National Park in Sumatra, Indonesia, to assess wildlife knowledge among recent migrants and to identify socio-economic variables that can be used to identify more knowledgeable informants. Knowledge scores were categorized by taxonomic family, genus and species. Large, charismatic and abundant animals were identified more frequently than smaller and more secretive animals. Higher knowledge scores were significantly associated with males, higher educational attainment and past experience with these animals. Number of years respondents had lived in the area and respondent age were also good predictors of higher scores. The characteristics of animals that were likely to be identified more accurately were assessed. Generic terms used to describe animals can confound individual responses. Biodiversity research, conservation and education programmes frequently rely on ‘local’ knowledge to inform management and policy. This information can be a valuable addition to field-based efforts to identify the distribution and abundance of rare endangered species. With more and more migrants living near the world's wildlife protected areas, care must be taken to understand how human demographic shifts may affect such studies.

scholarly journals Grazing Effects on Day Butterflies in a Mediterranean Woodland Ecosystem in Northern Israel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gad Ish Am ◽  
Talia Oron
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Mediterranean Woodland

Abstract The effects of cattle grazing on biodiversity in Mediterranean woodlands are yet unknown. To assess these effects on diurnal butterflies, we conducted daytime surveys in the Mt. Meron nature reserve (northern Israel) in two habitats over two different years. In each habitat we chose one site that was grazed by cattle and, as a control, a similar but ungrazed site. Belt transects (5m wide), divided for 100m replications, were surveyed five times on ridges in 2015 (11 replications, 538 butterflies, 25 species), and nine times in valleys in 2016 (12 replications, 3,944 butterflies, 38 species). In both habitats, species similarity index between sites was high. Richness was higher in the ridge control and evenness was higher in the valley grazed site. In both habitats total abundance was ca. twofold higher in the control, and the abundance of woody affiliated butterflies was threefold higher in the control, probably due to overgrazing, which affects butterflies’ breeding niches. For batha polyphagous and oligophagous butterfly species, abundance was similar between the sites, and for a few of those, associated with increaser plants, it was even higher in the grazed sites. However, the batha monophagous species were significantly more abundant in the control. Monophagous and endangered species were found to be more sensitive to cattle grazing. We conclude that the current cattle grazing management in Mt. Meron reserve affects butterfly populations negatively. Therefore, we recommend more regulated grazing and early-season deferment precautions, along with designation of no-grazing areas in reserves.

scholarly journals A looming exotic reptile pet trade in India: patterns and knowledge gaps

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 18518-18531
Author(s):  
A. Pragatheesh ◽  
V. Deepak ◽  
H.V. Girisha ◽  
Monesh Singh Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Web Portals ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Commercial trade of exotic reptiles through CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) in India is relatively recent (<2 decades).  Social media platforms and web portals are known to be used for pet trade.  Exotic pet trade is not legally regulated within India.  Therefore, little is known on the scale at which this trade is carried out in India.  We conducted a two-year study between 2018 and 2020 gathering information of exotic reptile pet trade online and summarized CITES documentation of the yearly import export records from 1976 to 2018 by CITES secretariat.  This manuscript provides a baseline for the extent of the trade, invasive species and the species traded in mainland India.  We found that there is an extensive trade of exotic reptiles in the country, comprising 84 species including the highly venomous species such as Bitis gabonica.  According to CITES records of 1976–2018, 98.6% of the reptile imports into India have not been reported to the CITES management authorities in India.  We also found some evidence of trade in protected native species through the exotic pet trade network.  Furthermore, some highly threatened reptile species including many listed in Appendix I of CITES are traded in India. 

scholarly journals Diversity of Cyanobacteria in the Zasavica river, Serbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Predojevic ◽  
Sladjana Popovic ◽  
Zeljko Kljajic ◽  
Gordana Subakov-Simic ◽  
Ana Blagojevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Phytoplankton Blooms ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
One Year

Cyanobacteria are ancient organisms that are capable of colonizing different habitats in various climatic zones due to their plasticity and rapid accommodation. They are a widely studied group of microorganisms due to the presence of many potentially toxic and invasive species. The aim of this research was a diversity exploration of the freshwater Cyanobacteria in the Zasavica River, which is part of the Special Nature Reserve ?Zasavica? in Serbia. Organisms were sampled once a month at two study sites during one year. Phytoplankton and metaphyton analysis showed the presence of 50 freshwater cyanobacterial taxa, of which 12 are new taxa for Serbia. Three invasive and potentially toxic species (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides and Raphidiopsis mediterranea) were recorded only in metaphyton in April at one site. It can be expected that, if conditions change, this species can migrate and form phytoplankton blooms.

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