Predictive Variables of Young People’s Willingness to Help People at Risk of Suicide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Alves dos Santos Bezerra ◽  
Cleonice Pereira dos Santos Camino ◽  
Lilian Kelly de Sousa Galvão ◽  
Leonardo Rodrigues Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Willingness To Help

scholarly journals SAT0340 A REDUCED NUMBER OF CAPILLARIES AND AN INCREASED NUMBER OF MEGACAPILLARIES PREDICT THE DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS IN RAYNAUD’S PHENOMENON PATIENTS AT RISK

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1115.1-1116
Author(s):  
A. Riccardi ◽  
A. Marcoccia ◽  
S. Fasano ◽  
T. Guastafierro ◽  
R. Irace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
The Mean

Background:Undifferentiated connective tissue disease at risk for systemic sclerosis (UCTD-risk-SSc) is a condition characterised by Raynaud’s phenomenon and either SSc marker autoantibodies or typical capillaroscopic findings or both, unsatisfying classification criteria for SSc and evolving into definite SSc in about 30-50% of cases (1,2). Recently, we developed a weighted score based on a baseline IF-ANA titer ≥1:320, marker autoantibody positivity and presence of avascular areas at videocapillaroscopy identifying patients who will evolve with a 91.3% sensitivity and a 73.2% specificity (3).Objectives:To improve the predictivity of the score assessing the role of marker autoantibody ELISA titer and further capillaroscopic items.Methods:The 102 UCTD-risk-SSc patients investigated for the development of the previous score were reassessed for anti-Scl-70 and anti-centromere antibody titers detected by ELISA and for the mean number of capillaries observed in the same capillaroscopic field (Cs) and the total number of giant capillaries (GC) by videocapillaroscopy (4). Each patient was evaluated every 6 months to assess disease progression. Risk prediction was assessed by Cox regression analyses. The predictive value of the score was determined by receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis.Results:Table 1 shows the resulting predictive variables in multivariate Cox analysis and their relative weight in a 10-point scale. No increase in the predictivity was detected by adding the anti-Scl-70 and anti-centromere antibody ELISA titers. However, a mean number of Cs≤5/mm and GC>5 improved the score. At ROC analysis (Figure 1) a score >3.25 predicted evolution to SSc with a sensitivity of 93.5% and a 75% specificity (AUC=0.91).Table 1.Indipendent predictive variables in multivariate regression analysis and the resulting weighted prediction model *VariableβHR95% CIPWeightAnti-Scl70Cs≤5/mm2.95531.909319.216.754.87-75.762.07-22.00<0.0010.0013.252ANA ≥ 1:3201.74025.701.42-22.850.012ACA1.67405.331.51-1.900.011.75GC>51.00492.731.44-5.170.0021*β: regression coefficients; HR: hazard ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; Cs: Capillaries; ANA: anti-nuclear antibodies; ACA: anti-centromere antibodies; GC: giant capillariesConclusion:Assessing the mean number of capillaries/mm and the total number of giant capillaries instead of avascular areas at videocapillaroscopy, resulted in improving the sensitivity and specificity of the score recently developed to predict the evolution of UCTD-risk-SSc into definite SSc.References:[1]Valentini G. Autoimmun Rev 2015;[2]Valentini G. et al. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;[3]Riccardi A. et al. Autoimmun Rev. 2019;[4]Sambataro et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2014, 16:462.Disclosure of Interests:Antonella Riccardi: None declared, Antonella Marcoccia: None declared, SERENA FASANO: None declared, Tiziana Guastafierro: None declared, Rosaria Irace: None declared, Valentina Messiniti: None declared, Francesco Bondanini: None declared, Alessandro Sanduzzi: None declared, Marialuisa Bocchino: None declared, Aldo Ciani: None declared, Michele D’Alto: None declared, Paola Argiento: None declared, Giovanni Maria De Matteis: None declared, Alberto Spanò: None declared, Gabriele Valentini Grant/research support from: BMS, MSD, NOVARTIS, LILLY, PFIZER, ABBVIE, CELGENE

scholarly journals Enhancing obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis with screening through disease phenotypes: a diagnostic research design (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ferreira-Santos ◽  
Pedro Pereira Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Cluster Membership ◽  
Predictive Algorithm ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

BACKGROUND American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines suggests that clinical prediction algorithms can be used in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients without replacing polysomnography (PSG) – the gold standard. OBJECTIVE We aim to develop a clinical decision support system for OSA diagnosis, according to its standard definition (AHI plus symptoms), identifying high pre-test probability individuals based on risk and diagnostic factors. METHODS Forty-seven predictive variables were extracted from a cohort of patients who performed PSG. Fourteen variables found univariately significant were then used to compute the distance between OSA patients, defining a hierarchical clustering structure from which patient phenotypes were derived and described. Affinity from individuals at risk to OSA phenotypes was later computed and cluster membership used as an additional predictor in a Bayesian network classifier. RESULTS A total of 318 patients at risk were included, from which 207 individuals were diagnosed with OSA (mild=54%, moderate=24%, severe=22%). Based on predictive variables, three phenotypes were defined (Low=36%, Medium=50%, High=14%), with an increasing prevalence of symptoms and co-morbidities, the latter describing older and obese patients, and a substantive increase in some co-morbidities, suggesting their beneficial use as combined predictors (median AHI of 10, 14 and 31, respectively). Crossed-validation results demonstrate that the inclusion of OSA phenotypes as an adjusting predictor in a Bayesian classifier improved screening specificity (26% [24%-29%] to 38% [35%-40%]) while keeping sensitivity high (93% [91%-95%]), with model B doubling the diagnostic model effectiveness (diagnostic odds ratio of 8.14). CONCLUSIONS Defined OSA phenotypes are a sensitive tool, enhancing our understanding of the disease, and allowing the derivation of a predictive algorithm which can clearly outperform symptom-based guideline recommendations as a rule-out approach for screening.

Phonological Awareness Screening to Identify At-Risk Readers

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margie Gilbertson ◽  
Ronald K. Bramlett
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
At Risk Students ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Standardized Assessments ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Invented Spelling ◽  
Reading Measures

The purpose of this study was to investigate informal phonological awareness measures as predictors of first-grade broad reading ability. Subjects were 91 former Head Start students who were administered standardized assessments of cognitive ability and receptive vocabulary, and informal phonological awareness measures during kindergarten and early first grade. Regression analyses indicated that three phonological awareness tasks, Invented Spelling, Categorization, and Blending, were the most predictive of standardized reading measures obtained at the end of first grade. Discriminant analyses indicated that these three phonological awareness tasks correctly identified at-risk students with 92% accuracy. Clinical use of a cutoff score for these measures is suggested, along with general intervention guidelines for practicing clinicians.

Effects of a Supplemental Spanish Phonological Awareness Intervention on Latinx Preschoolers' Dual Language Emergent Literacy Skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1283-1300
Author(s):  
Xigrid T. Soto ◽  
Andres Crucet-Choi ◽  
Howard Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Emergent Literacy ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Literacy Instruction ◽  
Dual Language ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Dual Language Learners ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Emergent Literacy Skills

Purpose Preschoolers' phonological awareness (PA) and alphabet knowledge (AK) skills are two of the strongest predictors of future reading. Despite evidence that providing at-risk preschoolers with timely emergent literacy interventions can prevent academic difficulties, there is a scarcity of research focusing on Latinx preschoolers who are dual language learners. Despite evidence of benefits of providing Latinxs with Spanish emergent literacy instruction, few studies include preschoolers. This study examined the effects of a supplemental Spanish PA and AK intervention on the dual emergent literacy skills of at-risk Latinx preschoolers. Method A multiple probe design across four units of instruction evaluated the effects of a Spanish supplemental emergent literacy intervention that explicitly facilitated generalizations to English. Four Latinx preschoolers with limited emergent literacy skills in Spanish and English participated in this study. Bilingual researchers delivered scripted lessons targeting PA and AK skills in individual or small groups for 12–17 weeks. Results Children made large gains as each PA skill was introduced into intervention and generalized the PA skills they learned from Spanish to English. They also improved their English initial sound identification skills, a phonemic awareness task, when instruction was delivered in Spanish but with English words. Children made small to moderate gains in their Spanish letter naming and letter–sound correspondence skills and in generalizing this knowledge to English. Conclusion These findings provide preliminary evidence Latinx preschoolers who are dual language learners benefit from emergent literacy instruction that promotes their bilingual and biliterate development.

Reading Risk in Children With Speech Sound Disorder: Prevalence, Persistence, and Predictors

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3714-3726
Author(s):  
Sherine R. Tambyraja ◽  
Kelly Farquharson ◽  
Laura Justice
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Speech Sound Disorder ◽  
Word Decoding ◽  
School Year ◽  
School Based

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which school-age children with speech sound disorder (SSD) exhibit concomitant reading difficulties and examine the extent to which phonological processing and speech production abilities are associated with increased likelihood of reading risks. Method Data were obtained from 120 kindergarten, first-grade, and second-grade children who were in receipt of school-based speech therapy services. Children were categorized as being “at risk” for reading difficulties if standardized scores on a word decoding measure were 1 SD or more from the mean. The selected predictors of reading risk included children's rapid automatized naming ability, phonological awareness (PA), and accuracy of speech sound production. Results Descriptive results indicated that just over 25% of children receiving school-based speech therapy for an SSD exhibited concomitant deficits in word decoding and that those exhibiting risk at the beginning of the school year were likely to continue to be at risk at the end of the school year. Results from a hierarchical logistic regression suggested that, after accounting for children's age, general language abilities, and socioeconomic status, both PA and speech sound production abilities were significantly associated with the likelihood of being classified as at risk. Conclusions School-age children with SSD are at increased risk for reading difficulties that are likely to persist throughout an academic year. The severity of phonological deficits, reflected by PA and speech output, may be important indicators of subsequent reading problems.

Exploring the Validity and Operational Impact of Using Allied Health Assistants to Conduct Dysphagia Screening for Low-Risk Patients Within the Acute Hospital Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1944-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Schwarz ◽  
Elizabeth C. Ward ◽  
Petrea Cornwell ◽  
Anne Coccetti ◽  
Pamela D'Netto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Exact Agreement ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Impact Phase ◽  
Operational Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine (a) the agreement between allied health assistants (AHAs) and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) when completing dysphagia screening for low-risk referrals and at-risk patients under a delegation model and (b) the operational impact of this delegation model. Method All AHAs worked in the adult acute inpatient settings across three hospitals and completed training and competency evaluation prior to conducting independent screening. Screening (pass/fail) was based on results from pre-screening exclusionary questions in combination with a water swallow test and the Eating Assessment Tool. To examine the agreement of AHAs' decision making with SLPs, AHAs ( n = 7) and SLPs ( n = 8) conducted an independent, simultaneous dysphagia screening on 51 adult inpatients classified as low-risk/at-risk referrals. To examine operational impact, AHAs independently completed screening on 48 low-risk/at-risk patients, with subsequent clinical swallow evaluation conducted by an SLP with patients who failed screening. Results Exact agreement between AHAs and SLPs on overall pass/fail screening criteria for the first 51 patients was 100%. Exact agreement for the two tools was 100% for the Eating Assessment Tool and 96% for the water swallow test. In the operational impact phase ( n = 48), 58% of patients failed AHA screening, with only 10% false positives on subjective SLP assessment and nil identified false negatives. Conclusion AHAs demonstrated the ability to reliably conduct dysphagia screening on a cohort of low-risk patients, with a low rate of false negatives. Data support high level of agreement and positive operational impact of using trained AHAs to perform dysphagia screening in low-risk patients.

Identification and Remediation of At-Risk Student Clinicians in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Martha Wilder Wilson ◽  
Elizabeth Zylla-Jones
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Remediation Plan ◽  
University Training ◽  
At Risk Student

Abstract The goal of university training programs is to educate speech-language pathology and audiology students to become competent and independent practitioners, with the ability to provide high quality and professional services to the public. This article describes the behaviors of “at-risk” student clinicians, so they may be identified early in their practica and remediation may be implemented. The importance of establishing a student at-risk protocol is discussed as well as a remediation plan for these students. This article summarized the Auburn University Speech and Hearing Clinic’s Student At-Risk Protocol, which may serve as a model for university training programs. The challenges of implementing such a protocol are also discussed.

Teens at Risk: “We’re on the Edge of an Epidemic”

ASHA Leader ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Marat Moore
Keyword(s):  
At Risk

Project BRAIN: Working Together to Improve Educational Outcomes for Students With Traumatic Brain Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Denslow ◽  
Jean Doster ◽  
Kristin King ◽  
Jennifer Rayman
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Transition Intervention ◽  
Working Together

Children and youth who sustain traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at risk for being unidentified or misidentified and, even if appropriately identified, are at risk of encountering professionals who are ill-equipped to address their unique needs. A comparison of the number of people in Tennessee ages 3–21 years incurring brain injury compared to the number of students ages 3–21 years being categorized and served as TBI by the Department of Education (DOE) motivated us to create this program. Identified needs addressed by the program include the following: (a) accurate identification of students with TBI; (b) training of school personnel; (c) development of linkages and training of hospital personnel; and (d) hospital-school transition intervention. Funded by Health Services and Resources Administration (HRSA) grants with support from the Tennessee DOE, Project BRAIN focuses on improving educational outcomes for students with TBI through the provision of specialized group training and ongoing education for educators, families, and health professionals who support students with TBI. The program seeks to link families, hospitals, and community health providers with school professionals such as speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to identify and address the needs of students with brain injury.

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