The dissociation of trans-azo-dioxide dimers of c-nitroso compounds.

Abstract Stomach cancer rates in rural Linqu County, Shandong Province, China, are exceptionally high. A previous case-control study revealed that the risk of stomach cancer was 30%higher among those who consumed sour (fermented) corn pancakes at least daily. A previous study of the sour pancakes reported volatile nitrosamines in most specimens, and almost half reportedly showed mutagenic activity. Few households currently consume sour pancakes, and the duration of fermentation has been shortened. We tested specimens of pancake batter and sour pancakes from Linqu County for mutagenic activity using the Ames test; for N-nitroso compounds (NOC) we used the Nitrolite–thermal energy analysis (TEA) method. Results of the Ames test were inconclusive: only 1 out of 15 cooked pancakes showed a positive mutagenic response, and all 15 batter specimens were negative; however, several batter specimens showed a weakly positive trend of mutagenicity with extract concentration. Our assay for total nitroso compounds was weakly positive in only 1 out of 15 specimens of sour pancake batter. That specimen was also tested by gas chromatography–TEA for nitrosaminoacids and volatile nitrosamines, but none were detected. It seems unlikely that the Chinese sour pancakes are significantly contaminated by NOC or other mutagens.

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Progress towards the characterisation of faecal N-nitroso compounds

Analytical Methods ◽

10.1039/c0ay00365d ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 544 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Don B. Clarke ◽

James R. Startin ◽

Sarah K. Hasnip ◽

Colin Crews ◽

Antony S. Lloyd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitroso Compounds

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Amended Safety Assessment of Fatty Acyl Sarcosines and Sarcosinate Salts as Used in Cosmetics

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1177/10915818211023881 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109158182110238

Author(s):

Monice M. Fiume ◽

Wilma F. Bergfeld ◽

Donald V. Belsito ◽

Ronald A. Hill ◽

Curtis D. Klaassen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Safety Assessment ◽

Expert Panel ◽

Fatty Acyl ◽

Nitroso Compounds ◽

Acyl Residue ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Panel Report ◽

Fatty Acyl Residue

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 5 acyl sarcosines and 9 sarcosinate salts as used in cosmetics; all of these ingredients are reported to function in cosmetics as hair conditioning agents and most also can function as surfactants—cleansing agents. The ingredients reviewed in this assessment are composed of an amide comprising a fatty acyl residue and sarcosine and are either free acids or simple salts thereof. The Panel relied on relevant new data, including concentration of use, and considered data from the previous Panel report, such as the reaction of sarcosine with oxidizing materials possibly resulting in nitrosation and the formation of N-nitrososarcosine. The Panel concluded that these ingredients are safe as used in cosmetics when formulated to be non-irritating, but these ingredients should not be used in cosmetic products in which N-nitroso compounds may be formed.

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Adrenomedullin Is a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Current Issues in Molecular Biology ◽

10.3390/cimb43010027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 324-334

Author(s):

Francisco J. Julián-Villaverde ◽

Laura Ochoa-Callejero ◽

Eva Siles ◽

Esther Martínez-Lara ◽

Alfredo Martínez

Keyword(s):

Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Prognostic Biomarker ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Nitroso Compounds ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Important Health ◽

Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽

Changes Over Time

Hemorrhagic stroke remains an important health challenge. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a vasoactive peptide with an important role in cardiovascular diseases, including stroke. Serum AM and nitrate–nitrite and S-nitroso compounds (NOx) levels were measured and compared between healthy volunteers (n = 50) and acute hemorrhagic stroke patients (n = 64). Blood samples were taken at admission (d0), 24 h later (d1), and after 7 days or at the time of hospital discharge (d7). Neurological severity (NIHSS) and functional prognosis (mRankin) were measured as clinical outcomes. AM levels were higher in stroke patients at all times when compared with healthy controls (p < 0.0001). A receiving operating characteristic curve analysis identified that AM levels at admission > 69.0 pg/mL had a great value as a diagnostic biomarker (area under the curve = 0.89, sensitivity = 80.0%, specificity = 100%). Furthermore, patients with a favorable outcome (NIHSS ≤ 3; mRankin ≤ 2) experienced an increase in AM levels from d0 to d1, and a decrease from d1 to d7, whereas patients with unfavorable outcome had no significant changes over time. NOx levels were lower in patients at d0 (p = 0.04) and d1 (p < 0.001) than in healthy controls. In conclusion, AM levels may constitute a new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for this disease, and identify AM as a positive mediator for hemorrhagic stroke resolution.

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