Class I extraction procedures and the edgewise mechanism

Em determinados casos na área da ortodontia é preciso indicar os procedimentos de extração para que se consiga um bom resultado clínico no final do tratamento. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso clínico onde o paciente possuía maloclusão classe I de Angle com biprotrusão que teve como parte do tratamento a extração de 4 pré-molares (dentes 14,24,34,44) e mostrar os ótimos resultados com tais procedimentos. O tratamento teve a duração de 4 anos, com um resultado e estabilidade bastante satisfatórios. Descritores: extrações, ortodontia, pré-molares ABSTRACT In certain cases in the area of orthodontics it is necessary to indicate the extraction procedures in order to obtain a good clinical result at the end of the treatment. The objective of the present study was to report a clinical case where the patient had Angle class I malocclusion with biprotrusion that had as part of the treatment the extraction of 4 premolars (teeth 14,24,34,44) and show the excellent results with procedures. The treatment lasted 4 years, with a satisfactory result and stability. Keywords: extractions, orthodontics, premolars

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Electron microscopy analysis of degenerating pancreatic ß cells in transgenic mice expressing the MHC Class I antigen Dd

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100160297 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 548-549

Author(s):

T. A. Stewart ◽

D. Liggitt ◽

S. Pitts ◽

L. Martin ◽

M. Siegel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type I Diabetes ◽

Disease Process ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Type I ◽

Aberrant Expression ◽

Mhc Molecules ◽

Endogenous Insulin ◽

Class Ii Mhc ◽

Ifn Γ

Insulin-dependant (Type I) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a metabolic disorder resulting from the lack of endogenous insulin secretion. The disease is thought to result from the autoimmune mediated destruction of the insulin producing ß cells within the islets of Langerhans. The disease process is probably triggered by environmental agents, e.g. virus or chemical toxins on a background of genetic susceptibility associated with particular alleles within the major histocompatiblity complex (MHC). The relation between IDDM and the MHC locus has been reinforced by the demonstration of both class I and class II MHC proteins on the surface of ß cells from newly diagnosed patients as well as mounting evidence that IDDM has an autoimmune pathogenesis. In 1984, a series of observations were used to advance a hypothesis, in which it was suggested that aberrant expression of class II MHC molecules, perhaps induced by gamma-interferon (IFN γ) could present self antigens and initiate an autoimmune disease. We have tested some aspects of this model and demonstrated that expression of IFN γ by pancreatic ß cells can initiate an inflammatory destruction of both the islets and pancreas and does lead to IDDM.

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