Receptor-mediated gonadotropin action in the ovary Demonstration of acute dependence of rat luteal cells on exogenously supplied steroid precursor (sterols) for gonadotropin-induced steroidogenesis

ABSTRACT Activities of various hydrolases and dehydrogenases were studied during the formation, development and involution of cyclic corpora lutea and in the corpora lutea of early pregnancy. At 24 hours postovulation the luteal cells, whether of granulosal or thecal origin, contained demonstrable levels of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the NADP and NADPH2 diaphorases. During the period of proliferation and cellular growth, enzymic activities in the luteal cells were moderate at first, and then increased. In the mature corpus luteum, activities of the dehydrogenases occurred in all luteal cells but were most intense in the large polymorphic luteal cells. Activities of hydrolytic enzymes, low in the immediate postovulatory period, increased with the development of the vascular system. Enzymic characteristics of corpora lutea of gestation were similar to those of cyclic corpora, except for phosphorylase activity which was observed in luteal cells in gestational corpora, but confined to the vascular walls in cyclic corpora. No increase in activities of 17β- and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (above those seen in pre-ovulatory follicles) were observed after incubation of sections of either mature cyclic or gestational corpora. Involution of cyclic corpora lutea began with degenerative changes in the blood vessels: pyknosis of the endothelial cell nuclei and a sudden decline in activities of hydrolytic enzymes in the vascular walls. Subsequently, the luteal cells showed a sharp decrease in activities of the dehydrogenases as well as other signs of regressive change. The cytochemical findings are discussed in relation to biochemical observations on steroid synthesis by the bovine corpus luteum.

Download Full-text

STEROID METABOLISM IN THE PERFUSED HUMAN PLACENTA

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0870181 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 181-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alfred S. Wolf ◽

Klaus A. Musch ◽

Werner Speidel ◽

Jürgen R. Strecker ◽

Christian Lauritzen

Keyword(s):

Venous Blood ◽

Placental Lactogen ◽

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽

Metabolic Capacity ◽

Loading Test ◽

Lower Range ◽

Group I ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Steroid Precursor

ABSTRACT A new model for the perfusion of human term-placentas has been developed for studies on the placental biogenesis of C-18 and C-19 steroids. For viability criteria, the glucose- and oxygen-consumption, regional perfusion control by dye-infusions or scanning after injection of 99Tc-labelled macroparticles, and the histological qualification were chosen. The recycled perfusate was investigated for the steroids oestrone (Oe1), oestradiol-17β (Oe2), oestriol (Oe3), 4-androstene-3,17-dione (A), testosterone (T), and human placental lactogen (HPL) by radioimmunoassay in controls and perfusions with the foetal steroid precursor dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHA-S). In control perfusions, steroid hormones were found in constant ratios (Oe1:Oe2:Oe3:T:A = 30:1.5:100:0.35:1). Following the administration of 10 mg DHA-S for testing the metabolic capacity of the organ, high concentrations of Oe1 (90–720 ng/ml = 250–3970 % as compared to 100% pre-injection values) were found, shortly preceded by a rapid increase of A (66–1000 ng/ml = 100–16 000 %). A typical surge of T (5.3–147 ng/ml = 265–4640 %) preceded the normally slower increment of Oe2 (22–220 ng/ml = 1570–4330 %). The concentrations of Oe3 and HPL remained nearly unchanged. From different steroid patterns after DHA-S-load, two distinct responses of term-placentas could be differentiated: Group I (n=12) showed high concentrations of Oe1 (3200 ± 940 %), a small increase of T (1020 ± 500%), as well as low and delayed values of Oe2 (1660 ± 450%). In Group II (n = 5), values were high for T (3160 ± 1020%) and Oe2 (3300 ± 1110%), whereas Oe1 was found in a lower range (508 ± 302%). In contrast to in vivo findings in maternal venous blood after DHS-S injection to the mother, oestrone was found in perfusions as the main oestrogen fraction from DHA-S. Thus, the analysis of such metabolic differences might be of help in the interpretation of complex results from the DHA-S-loading test.

Download Full-text

The effect of phorbol esters on steroidogenesis in vitro by bovine luteal cells

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.109s092 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 110 (1_Suppla) ◽

pp. S92-S93 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. BRUNSWIG ◽

L. T. BUDNIK

Keyword(s):

Phorbol Esters ◽

Luteal Cells

Download Full-text

Stimulation of oxytocin and progesterone production by bovine granulosa and luteal cells in vitro

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.111s103 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 113 (1_Suppl) ◽

pp. S103-S104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. SCHAMS ◽

R. KOLL

Keyword(s):

Luteal Cells ◽

Progesterone Production ◽

Stimulation Of

Download Full-text

Localization of oxytocin and neurophysin in baboon (Papio anubis) corpus luteum by immunocytochemistry

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1130570 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 113 (4) ◽

pp. 570-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Firyal S. Khan-Dawood

Keyword(s):

Corpus Luteum ◽

Rabbit Serum ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Positive Staining ◽

Normal Rabbit Serum ◽

Fallopian Tubes ◽

Papio Anubis ◽

Luteal Cells ◽

Luteal Tissue ◽

Immunocytochemical Reaction

Abstract. Immunoreactive oxytocin is detectable in the corpora lutea of women and cynomolgus monkeys by radioimmunoassay. To localize the presence of oxytocin and neurophysin I in ovarian tissues of subhuman primates, three corpora lutea and ovarian stromal tissues and two Fallopian tubes obtained during the menstrual cycle of the baboon and decidua from two pregnant baboons were examined using highly specific antisera against either oxytocin or neurophysin I and preoxidase-antiperoxidase light microscopy immunohistochemistry. Oxytocin-like as well as neurophysin I-like immunoreactivities were found in some cells of all the corpora lutea only, but could not be demonstrated in ovarian stromal tissues, Fallopian tubes and decidua. Specificity of the immunocytochemical reaction was further confirmed by immunoabsorption of the antiserum with excess oxytocin or neurophysin, after which the immunoreactivities for both oxytocin and neurophysin in the luteal tissue were negative. Similar controls using normal rabbit serum gave no positive staining for either oxytocin or neurophysin. Counterstaining of the positive immunoreactivities for oxytocin and neurophysin I with Mayer's haematoxylin and eosin demonstrated clearly that the oxytocin and neurophysin I appeared as granular material mainly within the cytoplasm of the luteal cells. The localization of immunoreactive oxytocin and neurophysin I in the corpus luteum of the baboon demonstrates directly the presence of these two neurohypophysial peptides within primate luteal cells and suggests their local production.

Download Full-text

Substance P and neuropeptide Y inhibit progesterone release from porcine granulosa and luteal cells

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.120s178 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 120 (3_Suppl) ◽

pp. S178

Author(s):

W. WUTTKE ◽

B. HALLMANN ◽

L. PITZEL

Keyword(s):

Substance P ◽

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Luteal Cells

Download Full-text

Inhibin production by cultured porcine granulosa and luteal cells

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.120s177-a ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 120 (3_Suppl) ◽

pp. S177-S178

Author(s):

U. MICHEL ◽

H. JARRY ◽

W. WUTTKE

Keyword(s):

Luteal Cells

Download Full-text

Effect of cortisol on neurophysin I/oxytocin and peptidyl glycine-α-amidating mono-oxygenase mRNA expression in bovine luteal and granulosa cells

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.2478/pjvs-2013-0033 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 231-239

Author(s):

A. Ziolkowska ◽

J. Mlynarczuk ◽

J. Kotwica

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Granulosa Cells ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Oestrous Cycle ◽

Luteal Cells ◽

Ru 486 ◽

Ovarian Cells ◽

Key Genes ◽

Ovary Function

Abstract Cortisol stimulates the synthesis and secretion of oxytocin (OT) from bovine granulosa and luteal cells, but the molecular mechanisms of cortisol action remain unknown. In this study, granulosa cells or luteal cells from days 1-5 and 11-15 of the oestrous cycle were incubated for 4 or 8 h with cortisol (1x10-5, 1x10-7 M). After testing cell viability and hormone secretion (OT, progesterone, estradiol), we studied the effect of cortisol on mRNA expression for precursor of OT (NP-I/OT) and peptidyl glycine-α-amidating mono-oxygenase (PGA). The influence of RU 486 (1x10-5 M), a progesterone receptor blocker and inhibitor of the glucocorticosteroid receptor (GR), on the expression for both genes was tested. Cortisol increased the mRNA expression for NP-I/OT and PGA in granulosa cells and stimulated the expression for NP-I/OT mRNA in luteal cells obtained from days 1-5 and days 11-15 of the oestrous cycle. Expression for PGA mRNA was increased only in luteal cells from days 11-15 of the oestrous cycle. In addition, RU 486 blocked the cortisol-stimulated mRNA expression for NP-I/OT and PGA in both types of cells. These data suggest that cortisol affects OT synthesis and secretion in bovine ovarian cells, by acting on the expression of key genes, that may impair ovary function.

Download Full-text