Study of [1-14C]glycine incorporation into extractable and residual glycogen of guinea-pig liver in vivo

1963 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-746
Author(s):  
Vishwa Nath Singh ◽  
T.A. Venkitasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Guinea Pig Liver

scholarly journals Lipid synthesis in vivo by tissues of the maternal and foetal guinea pig

1976 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
C T Jones ◽  
W Firmin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Foetal Liver ◽  
Guinea Pig Liver

The rate of lipid biosynthesis in vivo was determined in pregnant guinea pigs after maternal and foetal injections of 3H2O. Synthesis in the maternal tissues was low and in the foetal liver and adipose tissues relatively high. In the foetal liver it reached a peak at about two-thirds of gestation, whereas that in the foetal adipose tissue occurred later. These results were used to support the view that lipid synthesis in the foetal guinea-pig liver at two-thirds of gestation is largely from short-chain fatty acids, whereas in foetal adipose tissue glucose is probably the major substrate.

scholarly journals The availability of carnitine acetyltransferase in mitochondria from guinea-pig liver and other tissues

1968 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Barker ◽  
N. J. Fincham ◽  
D C Hardwick
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Carnitine Acetyltransferase ◽  
Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Guinea Pig Liver

The carnitine acetyltransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities of guinea-pig liver and other tissues were estimated. Both enzymes are wholly mitochondrial, and can only be fully observed after disruption of the mitochondrion. Triton X-100 (0·1%) or freeze-drying revealed more activity than other methods tried. In mitochondria prepared and suspended in 0·25m-sucrose and in cell cytoplasm only small fractions of the total enzymic activity could be observed in guinea-pig liver: on average 7·5% of carnitine acetyltransferase and 5·5% of glutamate dehydrogenase. It is concluded that, in liver or mammary gland of goat, guinea pig or rat, little or no carnitine acetyltransferase is available in vivo to acetyl-CoA outside the mitochondrion.

scholarly journals Effect of physiological reducing compounds on the inactivation of tyrosine aminotransferase from guinea-pig liver*

1982 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Di Cola ◽  
G Federici
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Enzyme Inactivation ◽  
Inactivation Rate ◽  
Physiological Concentration ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Microsomal Membranes ◽  
Guinea Pig Liver

1. Tyrosine aminotransferase from guinea-pig liver is inactivated at neutral pH by a factor localized in the microsomal fraction. The inactivation, independent of exogenous L-cysteine, is rapidly reversed by addition of dithiothreitol. 2. The effects of physiological reducing agents on the enzyme inactivation were investigated. L-Cysteine and L-cysteamine enhance the inactivation rate of the enzyme in the presence of microsomal membranes, and also they are able to bring about the loss in enzyme activity independently of microsomal action. Reduced glutathione, at physiological concentration, and NADPH decrease the inactivation rate. Other physiological reducing compounds, as well as oxidized glutathione and NADP+, are without effect. 3. Neither reduced glutathione nor NADPH, unlike dithiothreitol and mercaptoethanol, is able to restore the activity of partially inactivated tyrosine aminotransferase. 4. It is proposed that the intracellular concentration of reduced glutathione might modulate the rate of inactivation of the enzyme in vivo.

In vitro and in vivo studies on the metabolism of estrogens and their sulfates in guinea pigs

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hobkirk ◽  
D. J. Freeman ◽  
P. R. C. Harvey ◽  
Mona Nilsen ◽  
Barbara Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Estradiol 17Β ◽  
Guinea Pig Liver

Labelled estradiol-17β(E2) or estrone (E1), when incubated with guinea pig liver slices, is metabolized by two main pathways. Part of each substrate is converted to estrone-3-glucuronide and estradiol-3-glucuronide. A further part of each is metabolized to estradiol-3-sulfate (E23S) and estrone-3-sulfate (E13S), which are interconverted. The latter conjugate appears to be the substrate for a 16α-hydroxylase forming 16α-hydroxyestrone-3-sulfate (16αOHE13S). This, in turn, is further sulfurylated to yield 16α-hydroxyestrone-3,16-disulfate, accompanied by estriol-3,16-disulfate. A relatively small amount of tentatively identified '6-hydroxyestrone disulfate' accompanies these other two diconjugates. The guinea pig liver system suggests itself as a useful and relatively simple model for further study of 16α-hydroxylation of E13S. The use of the latter as a natural substrate in the system in vitro is supported by our observation that E13S and E23S are present in liver, kidney, blood, gallbladder bile, intestine, uterus, and placenta after injection of labelled E2 into mature male and female guinea pigs. Some evidence has been obtained for the disulfate fraction (above) in liver and bile after injection of labelled E1.

Die Bedeutung der Homogenisationsart und -intensität für die Größe und Konstanz der Sauerstoffaufnahme von Meerschweinchen-Leberhomogenat / The Influence of Mode and Intensity of Homogenization on the Absolute Value and Stability of Oxygen Consumption of Guinea Pig Liver Homogenates

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 908-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Schmidt ◽  
U. Schaum ◽  
J. P. Pichotka
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Measuring Time ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Guinea Pig Liver

Abstract The influence of five different methods of homogenisation (1. The method according to Potter and Elvehjem, 2. A modification of this method called Potter S, 3. The method of Dounce, 4. Homogenisation by hypersonic waves and 5. Coarce-grained homogenisation with the “Mikro-fleischwolf”) on the absolute value and stability of oxygen uptake of guinea pig liver homogenates has been investigated in simultaneous measurements. All homogenates showed a characteristic fall of oxygen uptake during measuring time (3 hours). The modified method according to Potter and Elvehjem called Potter S showed reproducible results without any influence by homogenisation intensity.

Precision-cut Guinea-pig Liver Slices as a Tool for Studying the Toxicity of Volatile Anaesthetics

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_part_1) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Hanan N. Ghantous ◽  
Jeanne Fernando ◽  
Scott E. Morgan ◽  
A. Jay Gandolfi ◽  
Klaus Brandel
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Liver Slice ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetics ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Guinea Pig Liver ◽  
Krebs Henseleit Buffer

Cultured precision-cut liver slices retain normal liver architecture and physiological biochemical functions. Hartley male guinea-pig liver slices have proven to be a good model for studying the biotransformation and toxicity of halothane. This system was used to evaluate the biotransformation and toxicity of different volatile anaesthetics (halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane), and compare their effects to those of new anaesthetics (desflurane). Liver slices (250–300μm thick) were incubated in sealed roller vials, containing Krebs Henseleit buffer at 37°C under 95% O2:5% CO2 atmosphere. Volatile anaesthetics were delivered by volatilisation after pre-incubation for 1 hour to produce a constant concentration in the medium. Production of the metabolites, trifluroacetic acid and fluoride ion, was measured. Intracellular potassium ion content, protein synthesis and secretion were determined as indicators of viability of the slices. The rank order of biotransformation of anaesthetics by the liver slices was halothane >sevoflurane>isoflurane and enflurane>desflurane. The rank order of hepatotoxicity of these anaesthetics was halothane>isoflurane and enflurane>sevoflurane and desflurane. Halothane is the anaesthetic which is metabolised furthest and has the most toxic effect, while desflurane is the least metabolised anaesthetic and has the least toxicity. This in vitro cultured precision-cut liver slice system appears to be suitable for studying the biotransformation of volatile anaesthetics and correlating its role in the resulting toxicity.

scholarly journals Exolytic hydrolysis of toxic plant glucosides by guinea pig liver cytosolic beta-glucosidase.

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 (20) ◽  
pp. 14027-14032
Author(s):  
V Gopalan ◽  
A Pastuszyn ◽  
W R Galey ◽  
R.H. Glew
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Beta Glucosidase ◽  
Toxic Plant ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Guinea Pig Liver
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