Choline acetyltransferase and glutamate uptake in the nucleus tractus solitarius and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus: effect of nodose ganglionectomy

1985 ◽  
Vol 344 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Simon ◽  
S.K. Dimicco ◽  
J.A. Dimicco ◽  
M.H. Aprison
Keyword(s):  
Choline Acetyltransferase ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Glutamate Uptake ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus

Distribution of vagal cardioinhibitory neurons in the medulla of the cat

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. R57-R64 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ciriello ◽  
F. R. Calaresu
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Nucleus Ambiguus ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Antidromic Stimulation ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Vagal Bradycardia ◽  
Medullary Nuclei ◽  
Stimulation Of

Experiments were done in cats anesthetized with chloralose, paralyzed and artificially ventilated cats to obtain electrophysiological evidence on the medullary site of origin of vagal cardioinhibitory fibers. The regions of the nucleus ambiguus (AMB), dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), and external cuneate nucleus (ECN) were systematically explored for units responding both to antidromic stimulation of the cardiac branches of the vagus (CBV) and to orthodromic stimulation of the carotid sinus and aortic depressor nerves. Eighty-six single units conforming to these criteria were found in the medulla: 30 in the AMB, 26 in the DMV, 12 in the NTS, 8 in the NTS-DMV border region, and 10 in the ECN. Antidromically evoked spikes had durations of 0.5--2.5 ms and followed stimulation frequencies of 20--500 Hz. The axons of these units conducted at velocities of 3.3--20.8 m/s. The specificity of activation of medullary units by cardioinhibitory fibers was tested in 11 units, which were found to respond consistently with an antidromic spike to stimulation of CBV but not to stimulation of the thoracic vagus. In eight spinal animals low threshold (less than 15 microA) sites eliciting vagal bradycardia were found in the same medullary nuclei where cardioinhibitory units had been located. These results indicate that vagal cardioinhibitory axons, originate in at least three medullary nuclei, the AMB, DMV, and NTS. Unit activity from the ECN may have been recorded from carioinhibitory fibers because of the short duration of the spike potentials.

Axotomy alters alternative splicing of choline acetyltransferase in the rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve

2009 ◽  
Vol 513 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Saito ◽  
Takashi Sato ◽  
Hiroyuki Okano ◽  
Ken-Ichiro Toyoda ◽  
Hitoshi Bamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Choline Acetyltransferase ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus

Studies of the Central Neural Pathways to the Stomach and Zusanli (ST36)

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Hyun Lee ◽  
Han Sol Jung ◽  
Tae Young Lee ◽  
Sang Ryoung Lee ◽  
Sang Won Yuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Reticular Nucleus ◽  
Hypothalamic Nucleus ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus

The purpose of this morphological study was to investigate the relation between the meridian, meridian points and viscera using neuroanatomical tracers. The common locations of the spinal cord and brain projecting to the stomach and Zusanli were observed following injection of CTB (cholera toxin B subunit) and pseudorabies viruses (PRV-Ba, Bartha strain and PRV-Ba-Gal, galactosidase insertion) into the stomach and Zusanli (ST36). After 4–5 days of survival following injection into twelve rats, they were perfused, and their spinal cords and brains were frozen sectioned (30 μm). These sections were stained by X-gal histochemical, CTB and PRV-Bia immunohistochemical staining methods, and examined with the light microscope. The results were as follows: Commonly labeled medulla oblongata regions were dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve (DMV), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and area postrema (AP) following injection of CTB and PRV-Ba-Gal into stomach and Zusanli, respectively. In the spinal cord, commonly labeled neurons were found in thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments. Densely labeled areas were found in lamina IV, V, VII (intermediolateral nucleus) and X of the spinal cord. In the brain, commonly labeled neurons were found in the A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema, raphe obscurus nucleus, raphe pallidus nucleus, raphe magnus nucleus, gigantocellular nucleus, locus coeruleus, parabrachial nucleus, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, A5 cell group, central gray matter, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, lateral hypothalamic nucleus, retrochiasmatic hypothalamic nucleus, bed nucleus of stria terminals and amygdaloid nucleus. Thus central autonomic center project both to the stomach and Zusanli. These morphological results suggest that there is a commonality of CNS cell groups in brain controlling stomach (viscera) and Zusanli (limb).

scholarly journals GABA signaling in the nucleus tractus solitarius sets the level of activity in dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus cholinergic neurons in the vagovagal circuit

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (1) ◽  
pp. G101-G111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Herman ◽  
Maureen T. Cruz ◽  
Niaz Sahibzada ◽  
Joseph Verbalis ◽  
Richard A. Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Afferent Nerve ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Vagal Afferent

It has been proposed that there is an “apparent monosynaptic” connection between gastric vagal afferent nerve terminals and inhibitory projection neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and that two efferent parallel pathways from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) influence peripheral organs associated with these reflexes ( 6 ). The purpose of our study was to verify the validity of these views as they relate to basal control of gastric motility. To test the validity of a direct connection of vagal afferent terminals (known to release l-glutamate) directly impacting second-order projection neurons, we evaluated the effect of GABAA receptor blockade in the area of the medial subnucleus of the tractus solitarius (mNTS) on gastric motility. Microinjection of bicuculline methiodide into the mNTS produced robust decreases in gastric motility (−1.6 ± 0.2 mmHg, P < 0.05, n = 23), which were prevented by cervical vagotomy and by pretreatment with kynurenic acid microinjected into the mNTS. Kynurenic acid per se had no effect on gastric motility. However, after GABAA receptor blockade in the mNTS, kynurenic acid produced a robust increase in gastric motility. To test for the contribution of two parallel efferent DMV pathways, we assessed the effect of either intravenous atropine methylbromide or NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester on baseline motility and on decreases in gastric motility induced by GABAA receptor blockade in the mNTS. Only atropine methylbromide altered baseline motility and prevented the effects of GABAA receptor blockade on gastric motility. Our data demonstrate the presence of intra-NTS GABAergic signaling between the vagal afferent nerve terminals and inhibitory projection neurons in the NTS and that the cholinergic-cholinergic excitatory pathway comprises the functionally relevant efferent arm of the vagovagal circuit.

Effect of Substance P Injection into the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius of Rats on Cricothyroid and Thyroarytenoid Motor Activity and Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 875-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Bauman ◽  
Erich S. Luschei ◽  
Deqiang Wang ◽  
William T. Talman
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Reflex Activity ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Transmitter Substance

Identification of central neurotransmitters that mediate laryngeal adductor and/or tensor activity may prove useful in managing pathological laryngeal adduction as occurs in laryngospasm or apparent life-threatening events. The putative transmitter substance P (SP) is found in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), in which laryngeal afferents terminate. Therefore, we studied the laryngeal, cardiovascular, and respiratory effects of SP injected into the NTS of rats. We completed bilateral stereotactic injections of 20 nL of SP (15 μmol) or control solution into the region of the NTS, the dorsal motor nucleus (DMN), or the nucleus gracilis (GR) in 30 anesthetized rats. Changes in diaphragm, cricothyroid (CT), and thyroarytenoid (TA) electromyography (EMG), as well as blood pressure (BP), were compared. The injection sites were verified histologically. Injection of SP into the NTS altered CT and/or TA EMG activity in all animals. The change ranged from complete inhibition, to a phasic increase, to a tonic increase. No change in laryngeal adductor EMG activity was seen in 8 of 9 animals after SP injections into the DMN (4/5) or GR (4/4), but 1 animal demonstrated brief inhibition of CT and TA EMG activity after SP injection into the DMN. Injection of SP into the NTS induced central apnea and a significant decrease in BP in all animals. The duration of apnea tended to be longer after NTS injections than after DMN or GR injections (p < .10 and p < .05, respectively). We conclude that stereotactic injections of putative neurotransmitters in rats may be accomplished to identify effects on laryngeal motor activity. Direct application of SP into the NTS consistently elicits a change in CT and/or TA EMG activity, ranging from inhibition to excitation. This model may prove useful in evaluating pharmacological targets of central reflex activity to manage life-threatening laryngeal reflex activity.

Identification and function of brain stem neurons regulating rat ileal water absorption

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. G266-G273
Author(s):  
K. Martin ◽  
T. H. Kong ◽  
W. Renehan ◽  
A. Schurr ◽  
W. Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Rat Ileum ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Cervical Vagotomy ◽  
Ipsilateral Stimulation ◽  
And Function

The central nervous system (CNS) regions regulating ileal water and ion absorption are unknown. We determined 1) the CNS origin of brain stem neurons that directly innervate the rat ileum, and 2) that these neurons influence intestinal water absorption. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the muscle layer of the rat ileum. The brains were examined for HRP reaction product (HRPRP) 3, 5, or 7 days later. Only cell bodies of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV) were labeled. Unilateral cervical vagotomy prevented deposition in the ipsilateral DMNV. To determine whether the DMNV regulates ileal water absorption, electrical and chemical stimulation (30 microA, 4 Hz, 0.2 ms, and 300 pmol L-glutamate every 5 min, respectively) were used. Both the DMNV and the adjacent nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) were stimulated, causing a reduction in water absorption. Bilateral vagotomy prevented the effect of bilateral electrical stimulation, but unilateral vagotomy did not prevent the decrease due to ipsilateral stimulation. These studies show that 1) the DMNV innervates the ileum, and 2) alteration of vagal efferent activity by stimulation of the DMNV and NTS reduces ileal water absorption.

Release of vasopressin and oxytocin by paraventricular stimulation in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. R155-R159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Landgraf ◽  
T. Malkinson ◽  
T. Horn ◽  
W. L. Veale ◽  
K. Lederis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Osmotic Stimulus ◽  
Perfusion Period ◽  
Stimulation Of

The nucleus tractus solitarius/dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (NTS/DMV) area was perfused by the push-pull perfusion technique in anesthetized rats, and perfusates were assayed for arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) immunoreactivity. As compared with controls, electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral paraventricular nucleus (PVN) resulted in increased amounts of both AVP (approximately 5-fold) and OXT (approximately 10-fold, P less than 0.05 each) in the perfusates. During the poststimulation perfusion period, peptide concentrations were found to return to control levels. Elevation of circulating AVP and OXT by an osmotic stimulus did not result in increases of AVP and OXT in NTS/DMV perfusates. These data suggest that AVP and OXT are released from NTS/DMV area fiber terminals during electrical stimulation of descending PVN neurons. Furthermore, they are consistent with the view that both peptides are involved as neurotransmitters in autonomic regulation.

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