Stimulation of substantia nigra pars reticulata suppresses neocortical seizures

1992 ◽  
Vol 574 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadett Boda ◽  
Magdolna B. Szente
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata ◽  
Neocortical Seizures ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals The effects of chloride dynamics on substantia nigra pars reticulata responses to pallidal and striatal inputs

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S Phillips ◽  
Ian Rosner ◽  
Aryn H Gittis ◽  
Jonathan E Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Computational Work ◽  
Stimulation Of

As a rodent basal ganglia (BG) output nucleus, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is well positioned to impact behavior. SNr neurons receive GABAergic inputs from the striatum (direct pathway) and globus pallidus (GPe, indirect pathway). Dominant theories of action selection rely on these pathways’ inhibitory actions. Yet, experimental results on SNr responses to these inputs are limited and include excitatory effects. Our study combines experimental and computational work to characterize, explain, and make predictions about these pathways. We observe diverse SNr responses to stimulation of SNr-projecting striatal and GPe neurons, including biphasic and excitatory effects, which our modeling shows can be explained by intracellular chloride processing. Our work predicts that ongoing GPe activity could tune the SNr operating mode, including its responses in decision-making scenarios, and GPe output may modulate synchrony and low-frequency oscillations of SNr neurons, which we confirm using optogenetic stimulation of GPe terminals within the SNr.

scholarly journals Functional territories in primate substantia nigra pars reticulata separately signaling stable and flexible values

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 1681-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Yasuda ◽  
Okihide Hikosaka
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Direct Input ◽  
Antidromic Response ◽  
Stimulation Of

Gaze is strongly attracted to visual objects that have been associated with rewards. Key to this function is a basal ganglia circuit originating from the caudate nucleus (CD), mediated by the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and aiming at the superior colliculus (SC). Notably, subregions of CD encode values of visual objects differently: stably by CD tail [CD(T)] vs. flexibly by CD head [CD(H)]. Are the stable and flexible value signals processed separately throughout the CD-SNr-SC circuit? To answer this question, we identified SNr neurons by their inputs from CD and outputs to SC and examined their sensitivity to object values. The direct input from CD was identified by SNr neuron's inhibitory response to electrical stimulation of CD. We found that SNr neurons were separated into two groups: 1) neurons inhibited by CD(T) stimulation, located in the caudal-dorsal-lateral SNr (cdlSNr), and 2) neurons inhibited by CD(H) stimulation, located in the rostral-ventral-medial SNr (rvmSNr). Most of CD(T)-recipient SNr neurons encoded stable values, whereas CD(H)-recipient SNr neurons tended to encode flexible values. The output to SC was identified by SNr neuron's antidromic response to SC stimulation. Among the antidromically activated neurons, many encoded only stable values, while some encoded only flexible values. These results suggest that CD(T)-cdlSNr-SC circuit and CD(H)-rvmSNr-SC circuit transmit stable and flexible value signals, largely separately, to SC. The speed of signal transmission was faster through CD(T)-cdlSNr-SC circuit than through CD(H)-rvmSNr-SC circuit, which may reflect automatic and controlled gaze orienting guided by these circuits.

scholarly journals A computational model explains and predicts substantia nigra pars reticulata responses to pallidal and striatal inputs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Phillips ◽  
Ian Rosner ◽  
Aryn H. Gittis ◽  
Jonathan E. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Computational Work ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractAs a rodent basal ganglia (BG) output nucleus, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is well positioned to impact behavior. SNr neurons receive GABAergic inputs from the striatum (direct pathway) and globus pallidus (GPe, indirect pathway). Dominant theories of action selection rely on these pathways’ inhibitory actions. Yet, experimental results on SNr responses to these inputs are limited and include excitatory effects. Our study combines experimental and computational work to characterize, explain, and make predictions about these pathways. We observe diverse SNr responses to stimulation of SNr-projecting striatal and GPe neurons, including biphasic and excitatory effects, which our modeling shows can be explained by intracellular chloride processing. Our work predicts that ongoing GPe activity could tune the SNr operating mode, including its responses in decision-making scenarios, and GPe output may modulate synchrony and low-frequency oscillations of SNr neurons, which we confirm using optogenetic stimulation of GPe terminals within the SNr.

Deep brain stimulation of the substantia nigra pars reticulata improves forelimb akinesia in the hemiparkinsonian rat

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Sutton ◽  
Wilson Yu ◽  
Megan E. Calos ◽  
Autumn B. Smith ◽  
Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Beta Oscillations ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) employing high-frequency stimulation (HFS) is commonly used in the globus pallidus interna (GPi) and the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for treating motor symptoms of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Although DBS improves motor function in most PD patients, disease progression and stimulation-induced nonmotor complications limit DBS in these areas. In this study, we assessed whether stimulation of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) improved motor function. Hemiparkinsonian rats predominantly touched with their unimpaired forepaw >90% of the time in the stepping and limb-use asymmetry tests. After SNr-HFS (150 Hz), rats touched equally with both forepaws, similar to naive and sham-lesioned rats. In vivo, SNr-HFS decreased beta oscillations (12–30 Hz) in the SNr of freely moving hemiparkinsonian rats and decreased SNr neuronal spiking activity from 28 ± 1.9 Hz before stimulation to 0.8 ± 1.9 Hz during DBS in anesthetized animals; also, neuronal spiking activity increased from 7 ± 1.6 to 18 ± 1.6 Hz in the ventromedial portion of the thalamus (VM), the primary SNr efferent. In addition, HFS of the SNr in brain slices from normal and reserpine-treated rat pups resulted in a depolarization block of SNr neuronal activity. We demonstrate improvement of forelimb akinesia with SNr-HFS and suggest that this motor effect may have resulted from the attenuation of SNr neuronal activity, decreased SNr beta oscillations, and increased activity of VM thalamic neurons, suggesting that the SNr may be a plausible DBS target for treating motor symptoms of DBS.

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