The effect of various steroids on the functional activity of the rat hypothalamus in vitro was investigated. The addition of corticosterone (10−7 mol/l) for 30 min to the incubation medium inhibited immediately the release of bioactive corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) by tissue induced by serotonin (2·6×10−8 mol/l). This was followed by a period lasting from 30 min (coincident with removal of the steroid from the medium) to 60 min when no inhibition was seen. Finally a second period of suppression of hypothalamic CRF activity in vitro was shown to be fully established 120 min after addition of the steroid. In more detailed investigations the latter inhibition was shown to occur when the tissue was exposed to the steroid (3×10−7 mol/l) for 5 or 30 min, but not for 1 min, and it was dose-related. Of other steroids investigated, progesterone in high concentrations (3 × 10−6 mol/l) suppressed to a small extent the functional activity of the hypothalamus in vitro but 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 11α-hydroxyprogesterone, 11α,17α-dihydroxyprogesterone and 11-epicortisol had no effect on the delayed inhibition. Progesterone (10−7 mol/l) potentiated the ability of corticosterone (10−8 mol/l) to induce the delayed suppression of hypothalamic CRF activity in vitro. In contrast, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 11α-hydroxyprogesterone, 1 1α,17α-dihydroxyprogesterone and 11-epicortisol competitively antagonized this inhibitory action of corticosterone (3 × 10−7 mol/l) in a dose-related manner (1·5 × 10−8–3 × 10−8 mol/l). The action of the antagonist 11-epicortisol was similar whether it was added to the tissue in vitro before corticosterone or antagonist and agonist were added together. The functional characterization of steroid action on the hypothalamus may lead to a clearer understanding of the mechanism by which the compounds influence hormone release.
Structure and Regulation of the Salivary Gland Secretion Protein Gene Sgs-1 of Drosophila melanogaster