Dry deposition and canopy leaching rates in deciduous and coniferous forests of the Georgia Piedmont: an assessment of a regression model

1995 ◽  
Vol 169 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 131-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Cappellato ◽  
Norman E. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Canopy Leaching ◽  
Georgia Piedmont

scholarly journals Changes in the Physical Properties of Precipitation in Pine Stands in the Area with A Low Degree of Air Pollution (Western Pomerania)

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kruszyk
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Bulk Precipitation ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Canopy Leaching ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract The study presents the results of research conducted in the years 2010-2012 in pine stands in Western Pomerania. The research included physicochemical properties of bulk precipitation and throughfall. The results confirm that despite a decrease in the total throughfall in the interception process, the size of mineral and organic depositions in pine stands exceeded values recorded for bulk precipitation. It was caused both by the process of enriching the throughfall with (K+, Mg2+) rinsed out of needles and leaves and by washing off the dry deposition (NH4+, Cl-, Na+, SO42-, NO3 -). The share of leaching processes for K+ was 74.1%, while for Mg2+ 23.6% of the total load of these elements brought to the ground with throughfall. In the case of Ca2+ no canopy leaching was observed for this element. The throughfall acidification processes were mostly caused by NO3-.

Cation and anion fluxes in northern hardwood throughfall along an acidic deposition gradient

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hal O. Liechty ◽  
Glenn D. Mroz ◽  
David D. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Ionic Concentrations ◽  
Anionic Composition ◽  
Canopy Leaching ◽  
Atmospheric Inputs ◽  
Deposition Gradient ◽  
Precipitation Acidity

Ionic concentrations and fluxes were measured for 2 years in five northern hardwood stands along an acidic deposition gradient that extends from northern Minnesota (lowest deposition) to southeastern Michigan (highest deposition). Precipitation fluxes of H+, SO42−, and NO3− were, respectively, 340, 69, and 83% greater at the site with the highest deposition than at the site with the lowest deposition. No significant differences among sites were evident for precipitation fluxes of cations along the gradient. Fluxes of H+, SO42−, NO3−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in throughfall increased along the gradient and were positively correlated with increased atmospheric inputs of H+, SO42−, and NO3− measured at the sites. Fluxes of SO42− and NO3− in throughfall were greater than precipitation fluxes, indicating dry deposition in excess of any assimilation of these anions from precipitation. Dry deposition inputs of SO42− increased from the northwestern to southeastern sites and were estimated to range from 23 to 49% of precipitation inputs. Precipitation acidity was neutralized by the canopy in all stands, but the amount of H+ retained by the canopy was significantly greater at sites with the greatest precipitation acidity. Throughfall fluxes of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in excess of precipitation fluxes were positively correlated with the canopy retention and deposition of H+ along the gradient. Increased throughfall fluxes of these cations were consistent with hypothesized increases in canopy leaching of cations with increased acidic deposition. Increased canopy leaching of Ca2+ and Mg2+, resulting from elevated acidic deposition, was estimated to represent as much as 6.2 and 12.9% of foliar contents of these cations, respectively. Although HCO3− and organic anions were found to play an important role in maintaining electroneutrality in throughfall along the gradient, strong acid anions increasingly dominated anionic composition of throughfall with increasing acidic deposition.

Acidic atmospheric deposition and canopy interactions of adjacent deciduous and coniferous forests in the Georgia Piedmont

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Cappellato ◽  
Norman E. Peters ◽  
Harvey L. Ragsdale
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Cation Leaching ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Georgia Piedmont

The effects of acidic atmospheric deposition on leaching of base cations from the canopy and the origin of the major ions in throughfall and stemflow were evaluated in a 2-year study of adjacent deciduous and coniferous forests at Panola Mountain Research Watershed in the Georgia Piedmont. In each forest, the NO3− and SO42− in throughfall and stemflow were derived primarily from atmospheric deposition, whereas the base cations Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ were derived primarily from canopy leaching. Acidic atmospheric deposition was partially neutralized in each forest. Exchange of H+ with base cations appeared to be the major mechanism for the neutralization of atmospheric acidity by the deciduous canopy. Major neutralization mechanisms could not be differentiated in the coniferous canopy. Base-cation leaching accounted for 86% of the base cations in throughfall and stemflow in the deciduous forest and 69% in the coniferous forest. Exchange with H+ accounted for about 30% of base cations in throughfall in the deciduous forest, whereas it could not be clearly estimated in coniferous throughfall. The current level of acidic atmospheric deposition is hypothesized to have caused an increased leaching of base cations of the deciduous canopy, but methods were insufficient to determine its effect on the coniferous canopy.

Dry deposition of nitrogen dioxide and ozone to coniferous forests

1993 ◽  
Vol 98 (D3) ◽  
pp. 5159-5172 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rondón ◽  
C. Johansson ◽  
L. Granat
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Coniferous Forests

Seasonal variation in throughfall and stemflow chemistry beneath a European beech (Fagus sylvatica) tree in relation to canopy phenology

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1359-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Staelens ◽  
An De Schrijver ◽  
Kris Verheyen
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Ion Fluxes ◽  
Canopy Leaching ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

The effect of canopy phenology on major ion fluxes beneath a mature European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) tree is examined. Annual and seasonal ion fluxes to the forest floor were significantly higher than the incoming wet-only deposition for all ions measured other than H+. The annual throughfall to wet deposition ratio generally ranged from 2.1 to 4.8. Stemflow contributed 9%–19% of the ion input to the forest floor, except for H+. Throughfall enrichment of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and NO3– was significantly higher in the leafed than in the leafless season, in contrast to Na+, NH4+, and H+. The temporal pattern of ion enrichment indicated canopy release of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ throughout the leafed season, of Na+, Cl–, and NH4+ from emerging leaves, and of Cl– and SO42– from senescing leaves. The contribution of canopy leaching to annual net throughfall and stemflow was estimated at 96% (K+), 54% (Ca2+), 40% (Mg2+), 12% (Cl–), and 7% (Na+, SO42–). Dry deposition accounted for 58%–75% of the total deposition onto the canopy. The throughfall enrichment during the leafless season indicated high particulate and gaseous dry deposition onto the woody canopy as well as K+ release from European beech branches.

scholarly journals Seasonal dry deposition and canopy leaching of base cations in a subtropical evergreen mixed forest, China

Silva Fennica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Zhang ◽  
Guang-ming Zeng ◽  
Yi-min Jiang ◽  
Chun-yan Du ◽  
Guo-he Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Canopy Leaching

Precipitation and throughfall chemistry in Pinuscontorta ssp. latifolia ecosystems, southeastern Wyoming

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Fahey ◽  
Joseph B. Yavitt ◽  
Greg Joyce
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Canopy Leaching ◽  
Throughfall Chemistry ◽  
Very High

Precipitation and throughfall quantity and chemistry were measured in several Pinuscontorta ssp. latifolia ecosystems in southeastern Wyoming. Bulk deposition (open collector) was somewhat enriched chemically in comparison with wetfall (shielded collector), suggestive of dry deposition. With the exception of low S concentrations, atmospheric chemistry was comparable to other continental locations in North America. Concentrations of most solutes were much higher in canopy throughfall than rainfall. Canopy evaporation accounted for a 27% increase of dissolved solids in throughfall, the remaining differences being attributed to canopy leaching and washing of dryfall. Throughfall was most enriched in K+, Mg2+, and organic anions, indicating the importance of canopy leaching. Very high spatial variation was observed within the forests, precluding the detection of annual or site differences in throughfall chemistry. Our estimates of dry deposition to the lodgepole pine ecosystem were lower than for more polluted regions of eastern North America. Except for SO42−, wetfall supplied larger amounts of the major elements than dry deposition. Canopy leaching was a major flux pathway in these ecosystems, particularly for K+, Mg2+, and SO42−.

Sulphur and Chloride Deposition and Ecosystem Transport in a Strongly Acidified Lake Watershed

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 81-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Hultberg ◽  
Peringe Grennfelt ◽  
Bengt Olsson
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Forested Watershed ◽  
Sulphur Deposition ◽  
Swedish West Coast ◽  
Deposition Velocities ◽  
Small Watersheds ◽  
Chloride Deposition ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper presents an attempt to synthesize deposition and ecosystem transport of sulphur and chloride through a strongly acidified lake watershed on the Swedish west coast. The results are based on field monitoring during a two-year period of concentrations in air, precipitation, streams and lakes. The water transport was monitored in three small watersheds and at the outlet of the total watershed. The dry deposition was estimated from concentration measurements and deposition velocities. Besides, throughfall was monitored in one small forested watershed. The estimated depositions into different subsystems were in good agreement with monitored outflows. The sulphur deposition to areas with coniferous forests were estimated to be 25-31 kg/ha·yr and to lake areas to about 19 kg/ha·yr. The marine part of the input is about 10%. The estimated retention of sulphur in the total watershed is 8-21%.

Identifying Sources of Sulfate Aerosols Reaching Whiteface Mountain, NY

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
James S. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sulfate Aerosols ◽  
Wet And Dry Deposition ◽  
Whiteface Mountain ◽  
Toxic Trace Metals

INTRODUCTION“Acid rain” and “acid deposition” are terms no longer confined to the lexicon of atmospheric scientists and 1imnologists. Public awareness of and concern over this phenomenon, particularly as it affects acid-sensitive regions of North America, have increased dramatically in the last five years. Temperate ecosystems are suffering from decreased pH caused by acid deposition. Human health may be directly affected by respirable sulfates and by the increased solubility of toxic trace metals in acidified waters. Even man's monuments are deteriorating as airborne acids etch metal and stone features.Sulfates account for about two thirds of airborne acids with wet and dry deposition contributing equally to acids reaching surface waters or ground. The industrial Midwest is widely assumed to be the source of most sulfates reaching the acid-sensitive Northeast since S02 emitted as a byproduct of coal combustion in the Midwest dwarfs S02 emitted from all sources in the Northeast.

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