THE STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE KRASNOYARSK'S INDUSTRIAL ZONE BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY AND CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS

The choice of the method is an urgent problem for the rapid and selective determination of the qualitative and quantitative composition of precipitation and surface water. Methods of capillary electrophoresis and ion chromatography have been adapted to determine the anionic composition of environmental objects in the industrial zone of Krasnoyarsk. the intensity of precipitation depends on the «wind rose». The level of pollution of atmospheric precipitation affects the level of water pollution in the Yenisei River.

INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION WITH II CLASS SUITABILITY OF WATER ON THE SOIL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Unsatisfactory physical condition of the soil in the village Oleksandrivka (Dniprovskyi district, Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine) necessitated a long-term research to find out the cause of this phenomenon. The type of soil of the experimental plot is established – chernozem ordinary low-humus leached on loamy forest. There are the soil section, the results of the spectral analysis of the soil, the humus content and the physicochemical properties of the soil of the research area. The article has the highlights results of chemical analysis of irrigation water from the reservoir on the Samara River. According to the results of the analysis, irrigated water belonged to the II quality class – "Limitedly suitable" in the all years of research. To establish the effect of class II water irrigation, the chemical composition of the water extract was determined. These researches showed on the anionic composition of the increase in SO4 ions relative to the option without irrigation for all years of observation. It was due to the entry of these ions into the soil along with irrigation water. Without irrigation the amount of sulfates gradually decreased. It was 2.25 meq/100 g of soil in the fifth year. There was a clear tendency to increase chlorine ions in irrigation option. The amount of chlorine increased to 1.5 times compared to the non-irrigated option. Therefore, the chemistry of the site was chloride-sulfate and sulfate. According to the cationic composition, the largest amount was accounted for by sodium ions. The amount of Na + 1 in the irrigated option increased by 34% on average when comparing with the control option. In the absence of irrigation, the site is slowly desalinated by reducing the ratio of Na/Ca ions by an average of 8.7 units compared to irrigated options. For some years of research the soil without irrigation option was referred to the slightly saline type.

PURIFICATION OF WATER-ALCOHOLIC MIXTURE WITH MODIFIED NATURAL MATERIALS

The aryticle presents the results of theoretical and experimental research on improving the technology of purification of water-alcohol mixture with natural modified minerals for the production of vodka. The methods and main filtering materials used in alcohol technology have been considered, the inefluence of natural efficiencies of modilification has been determined. Methods for determining physicochemical parameters, cationic-anionic composition of the sort, method of modification of natural obsidian and natural zeolite clinoptilolite are described. The paper presents the main unit specific costs of hydrochloric acid solution for removal from the surface of ash elements and limestone inclusions, drinking water and prepared for washing material, water-alcohol mixture to establish an equilibrium strength value to prevent dilution of the sort. The influence of modified natural materials on physicochemical parameters and cationic-anionic composition of sorting before and after its purification by modified obsidian and clinoptilolite in comparison with quartz sand is shown. Achieving a positive effect of cleaning and improving the transparency of sorting in the technology of filtration with modified natural minerals. The predicted resistance to changes in the physical and chemical parameters of the sorting after its aging in critical conditions and the control sample and the array of parameter stock to the critical limit is determined. It was found that filtering the sort with modified obsidian allows to increase the shelf life by two months, modified clinoptilolite - by 4 months. Modification of natural obsidian and clinoptilodite allows for reduced specific consumption of hydrochloric acid and prepared water in preparation for the main cycle to increase filtration efficiency by 10-15% and get vodka with higher transparency by 0,1-0,2 units and improve the microcomponent composition of the finished vodka

Sol-gel Synthesis of Materials in the System ZnO – SnO2

The effect of the anionic composition on the preparation of powder material in the ZnO – SnO2, system by the sol-gel method has been investigated. It was found that the best composition of zinc orthostannate is obtained using zinc sulfate and tin (IV) chloride. According to the data of X-ray phase analysis, the optimum temperature for the synthesis of the material is 1050 °C.

Study of the Influence of Anionic Composition of Salts on Synthesis of Zinc Orthostannate by the Sol-Gel Method

The effect of anionic composition of zinc salts upon interaction with tin (IV) chloride on preparation of zinc orthostannate by the sol-gel method was studied. It was determined that the minimum temperature for the synthesis of zinc orthostannate was 800 °C. It was revealed that when zinc chloride was used, tetraaminezinc chloride was formed, which decomposed during firing. When zinc acetate or zinc sulfate was used, the synthesis of zinc orthostannate was not fully completed up to 1100 °C.

The realized niche is Agropyron dasyanthum Ledeb. in the dune landscape of the Crimea

The realized niche of the community, which is part of the association Astragalo borysthenici-Ephedsretum Korzh. et Klyukin 1990 (union Verbascion pinnatifidi Korzh. et Klukin 1990, order Festucetalia vaginatae Soo 1957, class Festucetea vaginatae Soo 1968 em Vicherek 1972) described on a leaning dune, is discussed. Its composition is dominated by polycarpic grasses, represented by ephemerals and ephemeroids with a semi-rosette type of vegetation and a deep taproot system. An attempt has been made to predict the survival of the species found in Agropyron dasyanthum Ledeb., known as the endemic of the Lower Dnieper sands. To assess the ecological structure of the realized niche of the phytocenosis and the correspondence to it of the potential niche of fluffy flowering wheatgrass, an original program for calculating the packing density of community species on the gradients of factor-conditions and factor-resources was used: acidity of the substrate, salt regime (anionic composition), carbonate content, nitrogen content, granulometric (mechanical) composition (porosity) of the substrate). The result of the analysis was an unambiguous conclusion that Agropyron dasyanthum Ledeb. in the new conditions of the shell-detritus substrate, it ideally fit into the conditions of the climatope and, more or less, into the structure of the edaphotope. The real threat to the community is theanthropogenic impact and loss of productivity in the Sea of Azov.