Surface tension of liquid metals

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Flint
1974 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El Sawi

The distortion of a gas bubble rising steadily in an inviscid incompressible liquid of infinite extent under the action of surface tension forces is investigated theoretically using an appropriate extension of the tensor virial theorem. A convenient parameter for distinguishing the bubble shape is the Weber numberW. The virial method leads to an expression relatingWand the axis ratio χ, of the transverse and longitudinal axes of the bubble. To first order inW, this relation agrees with the linear theory established by Moore (1959). Also, comparison of the results with his (1965) approximate theory reveals similar features and excellent agreement up to χ = 2. In particular, it confirms his prediction of the existence of a maximum Weber number. Although the present work does not consider the stability of these bubbles, it is interesting to note that the maximum value of 3.271 attained byWdiffers only by about 2.8% from the critical Weber number obtained by Hartunian & Sears (1957) for the onset of instability.An approximate method for the study of slightly distorted spheroidal gas bubbles is also formulated and the resulting boundary-value problem solved numerically. The theory is then extended to include gravity. The joint effect of surface tension as well as gravitational forces has not been included in earlier theories. The shapes of the bubbles are traced and compared with the unperturbed spheroids. Comparisons for the velocity of bubble rise are made between the present predictions and some experimental results. In particular the results are compared with recent experimental data for the motion of gas bubbles in liquid metals.


2016 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialaura Tocci ◽  
Christoph Zang ◽  
Ines Cadòrniga Zueco ◽  
Annalisa Pola ◽  
Michael Modigell

Rheological properties of liquid metals are difficult to investigate experimentally because of the extreme border conditions to consider. One difficulty is related to the low viscosity of liquid metals. Surface tension effects can cause forces that can be considerably higher than the viscous forces in the liquid metals. Evaluating the experimental data without considering these effects leads to an apparent shear thinning behavior of the material. In the present study, experiments were performed by means of a Searle rheometer changing the dimension of the measuring system with metals of high surface tension, as mercury and tin. It became evident that surface tension plays a significant role in the effects that falsify measurements at low shear rate. Conclusions can be drawn to what extent measurements of semi-solid metals are affected.


1974 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Sageman ◽  
G. Burnet

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