Meso- and Macro-Mechanical Analysis of the Frost-Heaving Effect of Void Water on Asphalt Pavement

In cold regions, many types of structural damages are caused by the frost heaving of asphalt pavements. Hence, it is important to quantitatively determine the frost-heaving effect of asphalt pavement using a mechanical method to control frost-heaving damage. In this study, first, the internal voids of the asphalt mixture were regarded as a single void, and the water phase transition generating the freezing water in the voids was simulated using a simplified hollow sphere model to create a uniform internal pressure. Second, the prediction equation of the equivalent linear expansion coefficient was proposed by taking the phase transition of water in the saturated asphalt mixture voids into account. A step function was used during the phase transition of water to determine the sudden change in the equivalent linear expansion coefficient, heat capacity, density, and thermal conductivity. Finally, the typical cooling conditions were simulated with the water phase transition and the nonwater phase transition. The experimental results showed that the proposed model could accurately simulate the effect of frost heaving. Higher stress and strain were generated on the surface and in the interior of the pavement, and the positions of maximum stress and strain occurred on the pavement surface under the frost-heaving conditions. The compressive strength of the asphalt mixture in a uniaxial compression test is about 4.5–6 MPa with a single freeze–thaw cycle. Furthermore, when frost heaving occurs on the asphalt pavement between 5.8 and 6.5 MPa, the numerical simulation method can be used to calculate the internal stress of the structure, which found that the compressive stress under the frost-heaving condition was the same magnitude as the compressive strength under the freeze–thaw testing condition.

Thermal Properties of Copper Matrix-Ceramic Filler Composite Prepared by Polymer Solution Method

A copper (Cu) metal-ceramic filler composite with high thermal conductivity and a suitable thermal expansion coefficient was designed for application as a high-performance heat dissipation material. The purpose of the designed material was to utilize the high thermal conductivity of Cu while lowering its high coefficient of thermal expansion by using a ceramic filler. In this study, a Cu-sol containing a certain amount of AlN or SiC ceramic filler was prepared using a non-aqueous solvent. A complex was produced by applying a PVB polymer to prepare a homogeneous precursor. The composite sintered without pressure in a reducing atmosphere showed low thermal conductivity due to residual pores, but the hot press sintered composite exhibited improved thermal conductivity. The Cu composite with 30 wt% AlN filler added exhibited a thermal conductivity of 290 W/m·K and a thermal expansion coefficient of 9.2 × 10-6/oC. Due to the pores in the composite, the thermal conductivity showed some difference from the theoretical value calculated from the rule of mixture. However, the thermal expansion coefficient did not show any significant difference.

High Temperature Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Praseodymium Doped Ceria Thin Films Measured Two Ways

The temperature dependence of a Mixed Ionic Electronic Conducting (MIEC) material’s thermo-chemical expansion coefficient, biaxial modulus, and/or Young’s modulus are crucial in determining the internal stress, strain, and/or mechanical stability...

STUDY OF THE THERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENT OF SEVERAL SAND MIXTURES USED IN THE CASTING TECHNOLOGY: دراسة معامل التمدد الحراري لعدة خلائط من الرمال المستخدمة في تقنية الصب

The casting technology is one of the most important production processes, because of its special characteristics and features such as the ability to produce complex shapes and a wide range of compositions. This work aims to study several mixtures of sand with different structures in terms of permeability, strength, thermal expansion coefficient, comparing them, study the effect of the elements involved in the composition of these mixtures on those parameters, and create a database that can be used both in modeling processes or mold design, as when designing the sand mold The value of the sand expansion of the mold must be taken into account, otherwise the designer will face the problem of the possibility of exit some dimensions of the final product from the permissible range and thus rejecting the product, Or the product is undergone to deformations resulting from the expansion of mold sands, which must be avoided when designing the mold Knowing the characteristics of those sand mixtures helps the investor in choosing the most appropriate mixture for the required casting process in terms of engineering specifications or quantity, with the aim of less costly production by saving in choosing the most appropriate and least expensive sand mixture that serves the desired purpose.

INFLUENCE OF SIZE AND PRESSURE ON THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCIES OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF PLATINUM

Основываясь на параметрах парного потенциала межатомного взаимодействия Ми-Леннард-Джонса для Pt, и используя RP-модель нанокристалла, изучены температурные, барические и размерные зависимости следующих свойств: модуля упругости, коэффициента теплового расширения, изобарной теплоемкости и поверхностной энергии. Расчет уравнения состояния Pt показал хорошее согласие с экспериментом. Уравнение состояния было рассчитано вдоль пяти изотерм: T = 300, 1300, 1500, 1700, 1900 К. Впервые с единых позиций выполнены расчеты температурных зависимостей указанных свойств Pt в диапазоне от 0 K до 1500 K вдоль изобар 0 и 50 ГПа. Расчеты указанных зависимостей проведены как для макро-, так и для нанокристалла кубической формы из 306 атомов. Показано, что при изобарно-изотермическом уменьшении размера нанокристалла Pt происходит уменьшение значений модуля упругости и поверхностной энергии, а значения коэффициента теплового расширения и изобарной теплоемкости увеличиваются на исследуемом интервале температур. Based on the parameters of the pair interatomic interaction potential of the Mie-Lennard-Jones for Pt, and using the RP-model of the nanocrystal, the temperature, pressure and size dependencies of the following properties are studied: elastic modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, isobaric heat capacity, and surface energy. The calculation of the equation of state showed good agreement with experiment. The equation of state was calculated along five isotherms: T = 300, 1300,1500, 1700, 1900 K. For the first time, calculations of the temperature dependences of the above properties of Pt in the range from 0 to 1500 K along 0 and 50 GPa isobars were performed from a unified standpoint. Calculations of these dependencies were carried out for both macro- and cubic nanocrystals of 306 atoms. It is shown that with an isobaric-isothermal decrease in the nanocrystal size, the values of the elastic modulus and surface energy decrease, while the values of the thermal expansion coefficient and isobaric heat capacity increase over the investigated temperature range.

Effect of Gd2O3 Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of Gd2O3-Yb2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2 (GYYZO) Ceramics

Gd and Yb elements have high chemical stability, which can stabilize the solid solution in ZrO2. Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 have high melting points, and good oxidation resistance in extreme environments, stable chemical properties. Therefore, Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 were added to ZrO2 to stabilize oxides, improve the high temperature stability, and effectively decrease the thermal conductivity at high temperature. In this work, 5 wt% Yb2O3 and 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt% Gd2O3 were doped into 8 wt% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (8YSZ) powders as thermal barrier coating materials, and sintered at 1650 °C for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h. The effects of Gd2O3 addition on the microstructure, density, thermal conductivity, hardness, and fracture toughness of Gd2O3-Yb2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2 (GYYZO) bulk composite ceramics were investigated. It was found that the densification of the 8YSZ bulk and GYYZO bulk with 15 wt% Gd2O3 reached 96.89% and 96.22% sintered at 1650 °C for 24 h. With the increase of Gd2O3 addition, the hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness of the GYYZO bulk increased and the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of the GYYZO bulk decreased. GYYZO bulk with 15 wt% Gd2O3 sintered at 1650 °C for 24h had the highest hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness of 15.61 GPa, 306.88 GPa, 7.822 MPa·m0.5, and the lowest thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of 1.04 W/(m·k) and 7.89 × 10−6/°C at 1100 °C, respectively. The addition of Gd2O3 into YSZ could not only effectively reduce the thermal conductivity but also improve the mechanical properties, which would improve the thermal barrier coatings’ performances further.