Effects of norepinephrine on the blood pressure, glucose, and free fatty acids of normal and schizophrenic men, with reference to heart rate and to indices of physical fitness and of thyroid and adrenal cortical function

AbstractThe effects of 16 weeks at sea upon selected parameters of health and physical fitness were investigated in 30 male volunteers (from a total crew of 48 men) prior to, and immediately following deployment. The 30 subjects were assigned toeither an exercise group, ‘Ex’ (n=12), or a non-exercising group, ‘Nil ex ’ (n = 18), according to their reported participation in vigorous training or sports. Body mass index (BMI), calculated from height and weight, revealed that prior to deployment 13 of the 30 subjects (two in the Ex group) had a BMI over 25 kg.m−2 (i. e. overweight), and a further three subjects (all ‘non-exercisers’) had values of 30 kg.m−2 or more (obese). In addition, the diastolic blood pressure of two subjects was in excess of 95 mmHg and five subjects had resting heart rates above 89 beats per minute. Retrospective comparisons between the Ex and Nilex groups revealed a significantly lower percentage body fat (P<0.01) and a faster rate of cardiac recovery (P<0.05) following a standardised bout of exercise in the Ex group, albeit that these individuals were significantly younger (mean age of 24 years) than those in the Nilex group (32 years). Following deployment, in the Nilex group, comparisonof pre- and post values showed that resting heart rate was elevated (P<0.01) on return from sea. Similarly, in the Nilex group heart rate while performing the standardised exercise about was also elevated (P<0.05) on the second test occasion. In the Ex group, heart rate measures during and foJlowing exercise indicated a significantly slower rate of recovery (P<0.05) on the second test occasion.

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The Validity of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Determinations as Measures of Physical Fitness

Research Quarterly American Association for Health Physical Education and Recreation ◽

10.1080/10671188.1944.10624827 ◽

1944 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 252-257

Author(s):

Elizabeth Powell Salit ◽

W. W. Tuttle

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Physical Fitness

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Effect of norepinephrine on plasma free fatty acids in dogs treated with reserpine

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1963.205.1.57 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 205 (1) ◽

pp. 57-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Francois M. Abboud ◽

Michael G. Wendling ◽

John W. Eckstein

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Arterial Blood Pressure ◽

Pressor Response ◽

Maximal Increase ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Anesthetized Dogs ◽

Plasma Ffa

Some adrenergic blocking drugs reduce the mobilization of free fatty acids (FFA) in response to administration of catecholamines. The present experiments were done to see if potentiation of the pressor effect of norepinephrine by reserpine is accompanied by a greater increase in plasma FFA. Norepinephrine was infused intravenously into 16 anesthetized dogs. Eight of them had been treated with reserpine, 0.25 mg/kg daily, intraperitoneally for 2 days; the others were not treated. Arterial blood samples were drawn before, during, and after norepinephrine for determination of plasma FFA concentrations. Systemic arterial blood pressure was measured continuously. In the treated animals the maximal increase in arterial blood pressure as well as the progressive increments in FFA concentration were greater than in the untreated dogs. The experiments indicate that potentiation of the pressor response to norepinephrine after reserpine is accompanied by a greater FFA response.

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Bezafibrate, an anti-hypertriglyceridemic drug, attenuates vascular hyperresponsiveness and elevated blood pressure in fructose-induced hypertensive rats

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y99-061 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 77 (10) ◽

pp. 755-762 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Xiaochen Si ◽

R Clinton Webb ◽

Joyce M Richey

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Vascular Reactivity ◽

Bay K 8644 ◽

Elevated Blood Pressure ◽

Male Rats ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Lipid Abnormalities

A high fructose diet induces hypertension, hyperinsulinemia - insulin resistance, and hypertriglyceridemia (syndrome X). In this study, we investigated the role of an abnormal lipid profile in mediating fructose-induced hypertension. We hypothesized that bezafibrate, a lipid-lowering drug, would reduce elevated blood pressure and inhibit increased vascular reactivity in fructose-fed rats. Male rats were placed on four different diets: group 1 was fed standard chow (n = 6); group 2 was fed 60% fructose (n = 5); group 3 was fed fructose plus bezafibrate (30 mg·kg-1·day-1; drinking water; n = 5); and group 4 was fed standard chow plus bezafibrate (n = 6). In addition, the direct effects of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) on vascular reactivity were examined. Bezafibrate treatment lowered blood pressure, free fatty acids, and triglycerides in the fructose-fed group, suggesting that lipid abnormalities play a role in the elevation of blood pressure in the fructose-induced hypertensive rat. Aortae from fructose-fed rats were hyperresponsive to the calcium channel agonist Bay K 8644, which was normalized with bezafibrate treatment. Incubation of aortae in a VLDL medium resulted in increased responsiveness to Bay K 8644, lending further support to lipid abnormalities altering vascular reactivity. An altered lipid profile evidenced by elevated triglycerides and free fatty acids is causally related to the development of high blood pressure and increased vascular reactivity in the fructose-induced hypertensive rat.Key words: Sprague-Dawley rats, hypertriglyceridemia, free fatty acids, vascular reactivity, aortae.

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Cortisol, blood pressure, and heart rate responses to food intake were independent of physical fitness levels in women

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2015-0168 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (11) ◽

pp. 1186-1192 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sisitha U. Jayasinghe ◽

Susan J. Torres ◽

Steve F. Fraser ◽

Anne I. Turner

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Food Intake ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Physical Activity Guidelines ◽

Time Treatment ◽

Fitness Levels

This research tested the hypothesis that women who had higher levels of physical fitness will have lower hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis (cortisol) and sympatho-adrenal medullary system (blood pressure and heart rate) responses to food intake compared with women who had low levels of physical fitness. Lower fitness (n = 22; maximal oxygen consumption = 27.4 ± 1.0 mL∙kg−1·min−1) and higher fitness (n = 22; maximal oxygen consumption = 41.9 ± 1.6 mL∙kg−1·min−1) women (aged 30–50 years; in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle) who participated in levels of physical activity that met (lower fitness = 2.7 ± 0.5 h/week) or considerably exceeded (higher fitness = 7.1 ± 1.4 h/week) physical activity guidelines made their own lunch using standardised ingredients at 1200 h. Concentrations of cortisol were measured in blood samples collected every 15 min from 1145–1400 h. Blood pressures and heart rate were also measured every 15 min between 1145 h and 1400 h. The meal consumed by the participants consisted of 20% protein, 61% carbohydrates, and 19% fat. There was a significant overall response to lunch in all of the parameters measured (time effect for all, p < 0.01). The cortisol response to lunch was not significantly different between the groups (time × treatment, p = 0.882). Overall, both groups showed the same pattern of cortisol secretion (treatment p = 0.839). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, or heart rate responses (time × treatment, p = 0.726, 0.898, 0.713, and 0.620, respectively) were also similar between higher and lower fitness women. Results suggest that the physiological response to food intake in women is quite resistant to modification by elevated physical fitness levels.

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