Dopamine receptors in rat frontal cortex: Pharmacological properties in vivo and in vitro

Neocortical neurons in vivo are embedded in networks with intensive ongoing activity. How this network activity affects the neurons’ integrative properties and what function this may imply at the network level remain largely unknown. Most of our knowledge regarding synaptic communication and integration is based on recordings in vitro, where network activity is strongly diminished or even absent. Here, we present results from two complementary series of experiments based on intracellular in vivo recordings in anesthetized rat frontal cortex. Specifically, we measured 1) the relationship between the excursions of a neuron’s membrane potential and the spiking activity in the surrounding network and 2) how the summation of several inputs to a single neuron changes with the different levels of its membrane potential excursions and the associated states of network activity. The combination of these measurements enables us to assess how the level of network activity influences synaptic integration. We present direct evidence that integration of synaptic inputs in frontal cortex is linear, independent of the level of network activity. However, during periods of high network activity, the neurons’ response to synaptic input is markedly reduced in both amplitude and duration. This results in a drastic shortening of its window for temporal integration, requiring more precise coordination of presynaptic spike discharges to reliably drive the neuron to spike under conditions of high network activity. We conclude that ongoing activity, as present in the active brain, emphasizes the need for neuronal cooperation at the network level, and cannot be ignored in the exploration of cortical function.

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Tamarix articulata (T. articulata) - An Important Halophytic Medicinal Plant with Potential Pharmacological Properties

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201020666190318120103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 285-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Abdullah M. Alnuqaydan ◽

Bilal Rah

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Biological Properties ◽

In Vivo Model ◽

Drug Candidate ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Pharmacological Properties

Background:Tamarix Articulata (T. articulata), commonly known as Tamarisk or Athal in Arabic region, belongs to the Tamaricaece species. It is an important halophytic medicinal plant and a good source of polyphenolic phytochemical(s). In traditional medicines, T. articulata extract is commonly used, either singly or in combination with other plant extracts against different ailments since ancient times.Methods:Electronic database survey via Pubmed, Google Scholar, Researchgate, Scopus and Science Direct were used to review the scientific inputs until October 2018, by searching appropriate keywords. Literature related to pharmacological activities of T. articulata, Tamarix species, phytochemical analysis of T. articulata, biological activities of T. articulata extracts. All of these terms were used to search the scientific literature associated with T. articulata; the dosage of extract, route of administration, extract type, and in-vitro and in-vivo model.Results:Numerous reports revealed that T. articulata contains a wide spectrum of phytochemical(s), which enables it to have a wide window of biological properties. Owing to the presence of high content of phytochemical compounds like polyphenolics and flavonoids, T. articulata is a potential source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. In view of these pharmacological properties, T. articulata could be a potential drug candidate to treat various clinical conditions including cancer in the near future.Conclusion:In this review, the spectrum of phytochemical(s) has been summarized for their pharmacological properties and the mechanisms of action, and the possible potential therapeutic applications of this plant against various diseases discussed.

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Traceable Peptidic Ligands that Target Ghrelin Receptors

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203721666200702131457 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 955-964 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mengjie Liu ◽

John Wade ◽

Mohammed Akhter Hossain

Keyword(s):

In Vivo Imaging ◽

Peptide Hormone ◽

Structural Features ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Imaging Studies ◽

Cognate Receptor ◽

Ghrelin Receptors ◽

Biochemical Research

: Ghrelin is a 28-amino acid octanoylated peptide hormone that is implicated in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Specific visualization of ghrelin and its cognate receptor using traceable ligands is crucial in elucidating the localization, functions, and expression pattern of the peptide’s signaling pathway. Here 12 representative radio- and fluorescently-labeled peptide-based ligands are reviewed for in vitro and in vivo imaging studies. In particular, the focus is on their structural features, pharmacological properties, and applications in further biochemical research.

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Effects of systemically administered ceruletide on dopamine metabolism in the rat frontal cortex: an in vivo microdialysis study

The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0021-5198(19)49606-6 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 371

Author(s):

Yoko Hagino ◽

Takashi Moroji

Keyword(s):

Frontal Cortex ◽

In Vivo Microdialysis ◽

Dopamine Metabolism ◽

Microdialysis Study ◽

Rat Frontal Cortex

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Biological activity from indigenous medicinal plants of Mauritius

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1351/pac200577010041 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 41-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

A. Gurib-Fakim ◽

H. Subratty ◽

F. Narod ◽

J. Govinden-Soulange ◽

F. Mahomoodally

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Plant Materials ◽

In Vivo Screening ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽

Minor Ailments

The Mauritian population has a long tradition in the use of ethno-medicine, and the practice is still strong, especially in the treatment of minor ailments. Such interest stems from an existing culture, and many “tisanes” are still prepared from plant materials and sold in several markets around the island.This paper will focus on the various chemical/biological screening techniques currently being used to evaluate the biological properties of medicinal plant extracts. Particular emphasis will be put on extraction and various screening for biological/pharmacological properties. Due consideration will be given to the pharmacological approaches that utilize different animal models for the in vitro and in vivo screening of medicinal plant extracts.

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Effect of physostigmine on relative acetylcholine output induced by systemic treatment with scopolamine in in vivo microdialysis of rat frontal cortex

Neurochemistry International ◽

10.1016/0197-0186(94)90012-4 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 589-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Jian Kai Liu ◽

Takeshi Kato

Keyword(s):

Frontal Cortex ◽

Systemic Treatment ◽

In Vivo Microdialysis ◽

Rat Frontal Cortex

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Pharmacological Applications of Saffron (Crocus sativus)

Ethnopharmacological Investigation of Indian Spices - Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2524-1.ch006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 85-92

Author(s):

Priyanka Singh

Keyword(s):

Health Management ◽

Crocus Sativus ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

The Family ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Tumour Activity ◽

Different Parts

Saffron spice also known as Crocus sativus (Saffron crocus) belongs to the family of iridaceae. Many studies have proved its potential role in disease eradication. It has been reported to possess the attributes of a sedative, an anti-asthma, an emmenagogue, an expectorant, and an adaptogenic agent. Crocin, crocetin, and safranal are the most important biochemically active ingredients that were found in different parts of the plants in varying proportions like the peels, fruits, seeds, and rind of Crocus sativus. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that saffron has got its therapeutic implication in health management via anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumour activity. This review attempts to reveal the potential pharmacological properties of Crocus sativus. It also draws attention towards the use of herbs and spices in various ailments without facing the harmful side effects of chemically derived medicine.

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Pharmacological Properties of Curcumin

Advanced Pharmacological Uses of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products - Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2094-9.ch012 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 235-248

Author(s):

Anuradha Singh

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Natural Product ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

The Poor ◽

Cellular Factors

Curcumin, the polyphenol natural product, is a constituent of the traditional medicine known as turmeric. Extensive research over the last 50 years has indicated that this polyphenol displays potent pharmacological effects by targeting many critical cellular factors through a diverse array of mechanisms of action. However, there are some obstacles that prevent this wonder molecule to be effective in clinical settings and limit its use to topical applications only. Curcumin has recently been classified as both PAINS (panassay interference compounds) and an IMPS (invalid metabolic panaceas) candidate. Due to likely false activity of curcumin in vitro and in vivo has resulted unsuccessful clinical trial of curcumin against several disease. The chapter will review the essential medicinal chemistry of curcumin as well as envisage a compilation and discussion on the poor bioavailability of curcumin.

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