Hyperfine state selection of hydrogen atoms by longitudinal periodic-field magnetic lenses

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Checkrahamatoula
1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Weissmann ◽  
J. Ganz ◽  
A. Siegel ◽  
H. Waibel ◽  
H. Hotop

1985 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Conaway ◽  
Richard J.S. Morrison ◽  
Richard N. Zare

Author(s):  
Zhong Zhaoping ◽  
Dai Guosheng ◽  
Zhang Mingyao ◽  
Wu Xin ◽  
Wang Shidong ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Sani ◽  
Mr. Amanullah

There is consensus among Muslim Ummah and Imams that, for an Islamic state, selection of the head of state is the most important and compulsory. Selection of leader would be such as who is pious, virtuous, scholar of Shariah, honest, wise and courageous so that the management/ administration of the state may be carried out justifiably. In Ahle Sunnah, it is obligatory for the noble creature of Almighty Allah to select leader (Imam) for themselves, otherwise all of them would be considered as sinners. The best way for the selection of Imam is “Khulafa-eRashideen”, in the light of which Muslim Ummah can choose Imam. The first and uttermost obligation of the elected Imam is to abide by religion. Beside other duties of Imam, include protection of the state, establishment of Shariah limits, propagation of Islamic mission and leading the Islamic state. In this research paper we are discussing Al-Mawardi’s concepts for the selection process, attribute and duties of the head of Islamic state.


Author(s):  
Anthony Linden

In small-molecule single-crystal structure determination, we now have at our disposal an inspiring range of fantastic diffractometers with better, brighter sources, and faster, more sensitive detectors. Faster and more powerful computers provide integrated tools and software with impressive graphical user interfaces. Yet these tools can lead to the temptation not to check the work thoroughly and one can too easily overlook tell-tale signs that something might be amiss in a structure determination; validation with checkCIF is not always revealing. This article aims to encourage practitioners, young and seasoned, by enhancing their structure-determination toolboxes with a selection of tips and tricks on recognizing and handling aspects that one should constantly be aware of. Topics include a pitfall when setting up data collections, the usefulness of reciprocal lattice layer images, processing twinned data, tips for disorder modelling and the use of restraints, ensuring hydrogen atoms are added to a model correctly, validation beyond checkCIF, and the derivation and interpretation of the final results.


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