Short-term oral sensory deprivation: Possible cause of binge eating in sham-feeding dogs

1993 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.Curtis Lawson ◽  
Susan S. Schiffman ◽  
Theodore N. Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
Oral Sensory ◽  
Possible Cause

Maternal iodine excess: an uncommon cause of acquired neonatal hypothyroidism

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1061-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Hamby ◽  
Nayana Kunnel ◽  
John S. Dallas ◽  
Don P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Neonatal Hypothyroidism ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Iodine Excess ◽  
Excessive Iodine ◽  
Possible Cause

AbstractBackgroundExcessive iodine exposure is an often overlooked cause of neonatal hypothyroidism.Case presentationWe present an infant with iodine-induced hypothyroidism, which was detected at age 15 days by newborn screening. The infant’s iodine excess resulted from maternal intake of seaweed soup both during and after pregnancy. Treatment included discontinuation of seaweed soup, temporary interruption of breastfeeding and short-term levothyroxine therapy. By age 4 months, the infant’s hypothyroidism had resolved, and her growth and development were normal.ConclusionsThis case illustrates the importance of considering excess dietary iodine as a possible cause of hypothyroidism in infants.

Treatments for Eating Disorders

2007 ◽  
pp. 579-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Terence Wilson ◽  
Christopher G. Fairburn
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Features

A very substantial number of well-designed studies (Type 1 and Type 2) have shown that manual-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is currently the treatment of choice for bulimia nervosa (BN); roughly half of patients receiving CBT cease binge eating and purging. Well accepted by patients, CBT is the most effective means of eliminating the core features of the eating disorder and is often accompanied by improvement in psychological problems such as low self-esteem and depression; long-term maintenance of improvement is reasonably good. A large number of good to excellent outcome studies (Type 1 and Type 2) suggest that different classes of antidepressant drugs produce significantly greater reductions in the short term for binge eating and purging in BN patients than a placebo treatment; the long-term effects of antidepressant medication on BN remain untested. There is little evidence that combining CBT with antidepressant medication significantly enhances improvement in the core features of BN, although it may aid in treating comorbid anxiety and depression. The continuing paucity of controlled research on outcomes of treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN) contrasts sharply with the quantity and quality of research on outcomes of treatment for BN and binge-eating disorder (BED). Nevertheless, a specific form of family therapy, referred to as the Maudsley Model, has shown promising effects on AN in adolescent patients, although this remains to be shown to be a specific effect. Several different psychological treatments appear equally effective in reducing the frequency of binge eating in the short term in BED; these treatments include CBT, interpersonal therapy (IPT), behavioral weight loss programs, and guided self-help based on cognitive-behavioral principles. To date, only CBT and IPT have been shown to have significant longer term effects in eliminating binge eating. Evidence on the specific effects of antidepressant medication on BED is mixed. As yet, there has been no research on the treatment of the most common eating disorder diagnosis, “eating disorder not otherwise specified.”

Intestinal fat differentially suppresses sham feeding of different gustatory stimuli

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (5) ◽  
pp. R1122-R1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Foster ◽  
K. Nakamura ◽  
D. Greenberg ◽  
R. Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
Entire Experimental Period ◽  
Intermediate Consumption ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Bottle Test ◽  
High Concentrations

To determine the intestinal contribution to short-term satiety for solutions of varying palatability, 10 ml of either 0.15 M NaCl or lipid (Intralipid: 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 kcal/ml) was infused at a rate of 0.5 ml/min into the duodenum of rats that were sham feeding either a liquid diet (0.5 kcal/ml), 0.3 M sucrose (0.4 kcal/ml), or a 0.1 M solution of glucose polymers (Polycose 0.4 kcal/ml). Differences in palatability were estimated by the total consumption of each solution over 90 min in a one-bottle test. The intake of solutions maximally ingested during the saline infusions (Polycose > Sucrose > liquid diet) was the most sensitive to the lipid infusions. All four lipid concentrations suppressed intake of Polycose, the solution consumed the most; the three highest concentrations suppressed intake of sucrose (intermediate consumption), and only the two highest concentrations suppressed intake of the complete diet, the solution consumed the least. Nevertheless, the duration of suppression was shorter for the solutions the rats drank the most. For the solution the rats drank the least (liquid diet), the two high concentrations of lipid that suppressed intake did so for the entire experimental period, whereas for Polycose, al lipid infusions suppressed intake, but it recovered to control levels for all but the highest concentration. Other studies have reported that increasing diet palatability shortens the duration of satiety. The current results suggest that this effect may reflect the duration of intake suppression elicited by nutrients in the intestine.

Antidepressants in short-term treatment of binge eating disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Carlos Stefano ◽  
Josué Bacaltchuk ◽  
Sérgio Luís Blay ◽  
José Carlos Appolinário
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment

scholarly journals Hearing loss differentially affects thalamic drive to two cortical interneuron subtypes

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Takesian ◽  
Vibhakar C. Kotak ◽  
Neeti Sharma ◽  
Dan H. Sanes
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Inhibitory Synapses ◽  
Inhibitory Interneurons ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cortical Interneuron ◽  
Medial Geniculate ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Functional Pathway

Sensory deprivation, such as developmental hearing loss, leads to an adjustment of synaptic and membrane properties throughout the central nervous system. These changes are thought to compensate for diminished sound-evoked activity. This model predicts that compensatory changes should be synergistic with one another along each functional pathway. To test this idea, we examined the excitatory thalamic drive to two types of cortical inhibitory interneurons that display differential effects in response to developmental hearing loss. The inhibitory synapses made by fast-spiking (FS) cells are weakened by hearing loss, whereas those made by low threshold-spiking (LTS) cells remain strong but display greater short-term depression ( Takesian et al. 2010 ). Whole-cell recordings were made from FS or LTS interneurons in a thalamocortical brain slice, and medial geniculate (MG)-evoked postsynaptic potentials were analyzed. Following hearing loss, MG-evoked net excitatory potentials were smaller than normal at FS cells but larger than normal at LTS cells. Furthermore, MG-evoked excitatory potentials displayed less short-term depression at FS cells and greater short-term depression at LTS cells. Thus deprivation-induced adjustments of excitatory synapses onto inhibitory interneurons are cell-type specific and parallel the changes made by the inhibitory afferents.

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