scholarly journals A floral transmitting tissue-specific glycoprotein attracts pollen tubes and stimulates their growth

Cell ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Y Cheung ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Hen-ming Wu
2020 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Simone P Teixeira ◽  
Marina F B Costa ◽  
João Paulo Basso-Alves ◽  
Finn Kjellberg ◽  
Rodrigo A S Pereira

Abstract The synstigma is a structure formed by clusters of two to several stigmas, whether in the same or between different flowers. Although rare in angiosperms, synstigmas are found in c. 500 out of the c. 750 Ficus spp. (Moraceae). This floral structure is associated with fig-fig wasp pollinating mutualism. The synstigma structure and pollen tube pathways were studied in six Ficus spp. from Ficus section Americanae to test the hypothesis that the synstigma allows pollen grains deposited on a stigma to emit pollen tubes that can grow laterally and fertilize surrounding flowers. Syconia containing recently pollinated stigmas were collected and dissected, and the stigmas were processed for analyses with light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The arrangement of the synstigmas across species can be spaced or congested, with the number of stigmas per synstigma ranging from two to 20. Contact between the stigmas in a synstigma occurs by the intertwining of the stigmatic branches and papillae; their union is firm or loose. The pollen tube grows through live cells of the transmitting tissue until reaching the ovule micropyle. Curved pollen tubes growing from one stigma to another were observed in five out of the six species studied. The curvilinear morphology of pollen tubes probably results from competition by pollen between the stigmas composing a synstigma via chemotropic signals. The synstigma appears to be a key adaptation that ensures seed production by flowers not exploited by the fig wasps in actively pollinated Ficus spp.


1979 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
M. Sedgley

Structural changes in the pollinated and unpollinated avocado (Persea americana Mill) stigma and style up to 42 h after first opening of the flower were investigated using light and electron microscopy. The pollen tubes grew in the stigma secretion and intercellular substance and initial contact occurred between the plasma membrane of the male and the cuticle and stigma secretion of the female. The pollen tube wall started to develop 15 min after pollination and increased in thickness up to 24 h after pollination. By 18 h after first opening of the flower, starch had disappeared and cell wall thickenings were present in both the pollinated and unpollinated stigma and style. The wall thickenings developed more slowly in the unpollinated than in the pollinated tissue. They contained lipid and were bounded by callose. Degeneration of the cytoplasm of some of the papilla and transmitting tissue cells occurred only following the passage of the pollen tubes and may be of importance in tube nutrition. There was no degeneration in the unpollinated stigma and style and the cytoplasm did not start to lose clarity until 42 h after first opening of the flower.


2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (380) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. J. de Graaf ◽  
B. A. Knuiman ◽  
J. Derksen ◽  
C. Mariani

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sedgley ◽  
FC Hand ◽  
RM Smith ◽  
AR Griffin

Pistils of Eucalyptus regnans were observed by bright field, fluorescence, phase contrast, Nomarski, and scanning electron microscopy from 4 weeks prior to anthesis to 16 weeks after self- and cross- pollination. The transmitting tissue of the style had a central canal which extended for half its length. The unfertilised ovary contained a mean of 30.5 ovular structures with 16.5 normal ovules, 2.5 abnor- mal ovules, and 11.5 sterile ovulodes. The ovules were arranged in two rows in three (occasionally four) locules. The ovulodes always occupied positions at the stylar end of the ovary, but with this exception there was no pattern to the occurrence of the abnormal ovules. Pollen tubes grew between the cells'of the transmitting tissue, and not in the stylar canal. Penetration of the ovules had commenced by 5 days after both self- and cross-pollination. The early fertilised ovule contained a zygote and free-nuclear endosperm, and embryos with between 1 and 16 cells were present at 16 weeks after pollination. Not all normal ovules were fertilised, despite adequate numbers of pollen tubes. Ovulodes were never observed to be penetrated by a pollen tube, but with this exception there was no relationship between position on the placenta and either the penetration of ovules by a pollen tube or the occurrence of fertilised ovules. There was no difference between self- and cross-pollination in either the number of ovules penetrated by a pollen tube, or the number of fertilised ovules up to 16 weeks following pollination.


1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
SP Obrien

The stigma of Chamelaucium uncinatum Schauer is small and unreceptive at anthesis, but increases in size and becomes fully receptive 7 days after anthesis. After germination, pollen tubes grow intercellularly through the stigma and transmitting tissue of the style. Chamelaucium uncinatum has a single loculus containing six ovules with axile placentation. The transmitting tissue skews to one side within the ovary and the pollen tubes grow into the placenta via an invagination along one end of the loculus. Pollen tubes are smooth-walled in the transmitting tissue of the style and ovary, but within the loculus pollen tubes produce short side branches. Secondary pollen presentation occurs in C. uncinatum with the stigmatic region being used as a pollen presenter. If the self-pollen is not removed from the stigma prior to the onset of receptivity self-pollination may occur.


1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Y. Cheung ◽  
Bruce May ◽  
Evelynn E. Kawata ◽  
Qing Gu ◽  
Hen-ming Wu

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