Involvement of granulocytes and plasmatocytes for phagocytic reaction in larvae of two lepidopteran species

Butterflies possess impressive cognitive abilities, and investigations into the neural mechanisms underlying these abilities are increasingly being conducted. Exploring butterfly neurobiology may require the isolation of larval, pupal, and/or adult brains for further molecular and histological experiments. This procedure has been largely described in the fruit fly, but a detailed description of butterfly brain dissections is still lacking. Here, we provide a detailed written and video protocol for the removal of Bicyclus anynana adult, pupal, and larval brains. This species is gradually becoming a popular model because it uses a large set of sensory modalities, displays plastic and hormonally controlled courtship behaviour, and learns visual mate preference and olfactory preferences that can be passed on to its offspring. The extracted brain can be used for downstream analyses, such as immunostaining, DNA or RNA extraction, and the procedure can be easily adapted to other lepidopteran species and life stages.

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POTENCIAL INSETICIDA DO EXTRATO ETANÓLICO DE Anadenanthera macrocarpa (BENTH.) EM LEPIDÓPTEROS-PRAGA

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v7i6.7870 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 668

Author(s):

Glauciany Soares Lopes ◽

Luciana Barboza Silva ◽

Eliane Carneiro ◽

Manoel Lopes da Silva Filho ◽

João Sammy Nery de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicoverpa Armigera ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Biological Parameters ◽

Biological Cycle ◽

Period Increase ◽

Lepidopteran Species ◽

Helicoverpa Armígera ◽

Efficient Alternative

O complexo de lagartas desfolhadoras - Spodoptera cosmioides, Spodoptera frugiperda e Helicoverpa armigera, são responsáveis por uma considerável redução na produção de grãos. A aplicação de extratos botânicos consiste em uma alternativa viável e eficiente de controle, além de ser menos nociva ao meio ambiente e a saúde do homem. O objetivo foi avaliar o potencial inseticida do extrato bruto de folhas e casca de Anadenanthera macrocarpa, sobre as lagartas de S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, H. armigera. Os insetos foram mantidos em dieta artificial em condições controladas. Foi avaliada a ação toxica dos extratos por aplicação tópica. Primeiramente foi estimada a concentração letal e em seguida foram determinados os parâmetros biológicos das três espécies de lepidópteros. Os extratos etanólicos de folhas e casca de A. macrocarpa foram eficientes no controle de H. armigera, S. frugiperda e S. cosmioides reduzindo a sobrevivência em 75, 60 e 50%, respectivamente, além de alterações nos parâmetros biológicos como, aumento do período larval, redução de peso das larvas e pupas. Os compostos químicos presentes nos extratos etanólicos de folhas e casca de A. macrocarpa, além de causar mortalidade direta dos insetos estudados, alteram o ciclo biológico de S. frugiperda, S. cosmoides e H. armigera.Palavras-chave: Angico-preto; Spodoptera cosmioides; Spodoptera frugiperda; Helicoverpa armigera; bioinseticidas. POTENTIAL INSECTICIDE OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Anadenanthera macrocarpa (BENTH.) IN LEPIDOPTERAN-PESTS ABSTRACT: The leafless worm complex - Spodoptera cosmioides, Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa armigera - are responsible for a considerable reduction in grain production. The application of botanical extracts is a viable and efficient alternative of control, besides being less harmful to the environment and human health. The objective was to evaluate the insecticidal potential of the raw extract of leaves and bark of Anadenanthera macrocarpa, on S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, H. armigera. The insects were kept on artificial diet under controlled conditions. The toxic action of the extracts was evaluated by topical application. First the lethal concentration was estimated and then the biological parameters of the three lepidopteran species were determined. The extracts of leaves and bark of A. macrocarpa were efficient in the control of H. armigera, S. frugiperda and S.a cosmioides, reducing survival in 75, 60 and 50%, respectively, as well as changes in biological parameters such as larval period increase, weight reduction of larvae and pupae. The chemical compounds present in the leaves and bark extracts of A. macrocarpa, besides causing direct mortality of the studied insects, alter the biological cycle of S. frugiperda, S. cosmoides and H. armigera.Keywords: Angico-black; Spodoptera cosmioides; Spodoptera frugiperda; Helicoverpa armígera; bioinsecticides.

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NOVEL FINDINGS ON THE ACTIVITY OF DIFLUBENZURON AGAINST EGGS AND LARVAE OF FOUR LEPIDOPTERAN SPECIES

Advances in Pesticide Science ◽

10.1016/b978-0-08-023930-9.50233-1 ◽

1979 ◽

pp. IV-437

Author(s):

K.R.S. Ascher

Keyword(s):

Lepidopteran Species ◽

Eggs And Larvae

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Behaviour of BCG Strains of Various Origin in Phagocytic Reaction in Vitro

Pathobiology ◽

10.1159/000160054 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 423-432

Author(s):

Adam Skurski ◽

Eugenia Łapinska ◽

Zbigniew Wieczorek

Keyword(s):

Phagocytic Reaction

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2,5-DialkyItetrahydrofurans, Common Components of the Cuticular Lipids of Lepidoptera

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1998-1-219 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 53 (1-2) ◽

pp. 107-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Stefan Schulz ◽

George Beccaloni ◽

Ritsuo Nishida ◽

Yves Roisin ◽

R. I. Vane-Wright ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chain Length ◽

Cuticular Lipids ◽

Identification Procedure ◽

Lepidopteran Species ◽

Cis And Trans ◽

Common Components

Abstract In more than 50 lepidopteran species 2,5-dialkyltetrahydrofurans were identified as components of the cuticular lipids. The chain length of these compounds varies between C25 and C37 and both cis-and trans-compounds are present. In addition, previously unknown 2-alkyl-5-(1-hydroxyalkyl)tetrahydrofurans were found in some species. The identification procedure and synthesis of representative compounds are reported.

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Isolation and identification of attractants from the pupae of three lepidopteran species for the parasitoid Chouioia cunea Yang

Pest Management Science ◽

10.1002/ps.5724 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (5) ◽

pp. 1920-1928

Author(s):

Min Li ◽

Yixin Yang ◽

Yonghong Yao ◽

Weifang Xiang ◽

Jiayi Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Isolation And Identification ◽

Lepidopteran Species ◽

Chouioia Cunea

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Minor Components Play an Important Role in Interspecific Recognition of Insects: A Basis to Pheromone Based Electronic Monitoring Tools for Rice Pests

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects9040192 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 192 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Qing-Hua Chen ◽

Feng Zhu ◽

Zhihua Tian ◽

Wan-Min Zhang ◽

Rong Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Pheromone ◽

Electronic Monitoring ◽

Interspecific Interactions ◽

Minor Component ◽

Minor Components ◽

Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽

Rice Pests ◽

Pheromone Trapping ◽

Lepidopteran Species ◽

Pheromone Blend

Several lepidopteran species share the same pheromone blend consisting of (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) and (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z9-16:Ald) at different ratios and active doses. In rice pest Chilo suppressalis, (Z)-11-hexadecenol, (Z11-16:OH) and octadecanal (18:Ald) were identified as minor components in the pheromone gland of female moths, and these components were previously not considered as part of the sex pheromone of C. suppressalis. Z11-16:Ald, Z9-16:Ald and (Z)-13-octadecenal (Z13-18:Ald) frequently trapped other lepidopteran species, such as rice pests Scirpophaga incertulas and Mythimna separate, corn and vegetable pests Helicoverpa armigera in the field, suggesting a lack of specificity in the pheromone blend. Our data showed that the minor component Z11-16:OH did not have a synergistic effect on the attractiveness of the blend to C. suppressalis; however, pheromone mixtures containing Z11-16:OH failed in trapping male H. armigera moths. We confirmed the identity and specificity of the C. suppressalis sex pheromone and demonstrated that Z11-16:OH plays a key role in the reproductive isolation of C. suppressalis, M. separata, and H. armigera moths, and a similar role of Z9-18:Ald in that of S. incertulas and C. suppressalis. This phenomenon could be more widely applicable to interspecific interactions in the pheromone communication between insects, which is crucial to developing the electronic automatic counting device for automatically monitoring the pest population by pheromone trapping based on its species specificity.

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Insecticidal Activity of a Cry1Ca toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Firmicutes: Bacillaceae) and Its Synergism with the Cyt1Aa Toxin Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjaa116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 1852-1856

Author(s):

Sebastian E González-Villarreal ◽

Mónica García-Montelongo ◽

Jorge E Ibarra

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Joint Action ◽

Recombinant Strain ◽

Crystal Morphology ◽

Graphical Method ◽

Toxic Activity ◽

Lepidopteran Species ◽

Gene Coding

Abstract The Cry1C protein family of Bacillus thuringiensis form bipyramidal crystals, which are commonly associated with toxic activity against lepidopteran species; however, some members of this family may also be toxic to dipterans. In the present work, the Cry1Ca16 protein, synthesized by the B. thuringiensis LBIT-1217 strain, was analyzed. The gene coding for this protein was amplified, sequenced, and cloned into the pSTAB vector, which was electro-transferred into the acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis 4Q7 strain. The recombinant strain showed the expected bipyramidal crystal morphology, identical to the original LBIT-1217 strain and exhibited toxicity against larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera). Pure crystals from the recombinant strain were used in bioassays against Ae. aegypti larvae, estimating an LC50 of 4.61 μg/ml. Further studies on Cry1Ca16 mosquitocidal potential included joint-action tests with the Cyt1Aa protein crystals from B. thuringiensis israelensis. An LC50 using pure Cyt1Aa crystals was estimated at 0.73 μg/ml, whereas an LC50 of 0.61 μg/ml was estimated when both toxins were tested together. Data from these bioassays was analyzed using joint-action tests such as the Tammes-Bakuniak graphical method and the formula proposed by Tabashnik (1992). Both tests clearly showed a synergistic effect between these two toxins.

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Specific Binding of Radiolabeled Cry1Fa Insecticidal Protein from Bacillus thuringiensis to Midgut Sites in Lepidopteran Species

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.07591-11 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (11) ◽

pp. 4048-4050 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Carmen Sara Hernández-Rodríguez ◽

Patricia Hernández-Martínez ◽

Jeroen Van Rie ◽

Baltasar Escriche ◽

Juan Ferré

Keyword(s):

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Heliothis Virescens ◽

Brush Border Membrane ◽

Specific Binding ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Insecticidal Protein ◽

Content Type ◽

Lepidopteran Species ◽

Equilibrium Binding ◽

Competition Assays

ABSTRACTCry1Fa insecticidal protein was successfully radiolabeled with125I-Na. Specific binding to brush border membrane vesicles was shown for the lepidopteran speciesOstrinia nubilalis,Spodoptera frugiperda,Spodoptera exigua,Helicoverpa armigera,Heliothis virescens, andPlutella xylostella. Homologous competition assays were performed to obtain equilibrium binding parameters (Kd[dissociation constant] andRt[concentration of binding sites]) for these six insect species.

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