PROBLEMIC ISSUES ARISING IN PRACTICE DURING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A PREVENTIVE MEASURE IN THE FORM OF A PROHIBITION OF CERTAIN ACTIONS

В статье рассматривается ряд проблем, возникающих на стадии назначения и реализации меры пресечения в виде запрета определенных действий. Осуществляется анализ судебной практики и нормативно-правовой базы, регулирующей условия избрания и исполнения меры пресечения в виде запрета определенных действий. Автором статьи приводятся примеры проблемных ситуаций, возникающих в практической деятельности уголовно-исполнительных инспекций, в рамках осуществления контроля за установленными запретами. Проводится обзор противоречий, возникающих при установлении запретов в рамках меры пресечения и уголовных наказаний, не связанных с изоляций от общества, в частности, лишения права заниматься деятельностью, связанной с управлением транспортными средствами, и запретом на управление транспортными средством. Дается характеристика работоспособности системы электронного мониторинга подконтрольных лиц и электронных технических средств надзора и контроля, применяемых к подозреваемым или обвиняемым, в отношении которых назначен запрет определенных действий. В заключение автором статьи выработаны предложения, направленные на нивелирование имеющихся проблем и повышение эффективности меры пресечения в виде запрета определенных действий в уголовном процессе и деятельности уголовно-исполнительных инспекций. The article examines a number of problems that arise at the stage of the appointment and realization of a preventive measure in the form of a prohibition on certain actions. The analysis of judicial practice and the legal and regulatory framework governing the conditions for the election and execution of a preventive extent in the form of prohibition of certain actions is carried out. The author of the article provides examples of problematic situations that arise in the practice of criminal executive inspectorates, as part of the control over the established prohibitions. A review of the contradictions arising in the establishment of prohibitions within the framework of a preventive measure and criminal penalties not related to isolation from society, in particular, the destitution of the right to engage in activities connected to car vehicles and a prohibition on driving vehicles, is reviewed. A characteristic is given, as well as an assessment of the performance of the electronic monitoring system of controlled persons and electronic technical means of supervision and control applied to suspects or accused, in respect of whom certain actions are prohibited. In conclusion, the author of the article developed proposals aimed at leveling the existing problems and increasing the effectiveness of a preventive extent in the form of a prohibition on certain actions in the criminal process and the activities of criminal executive inspections.

PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF OPERATION OF SYSTEMS OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING OF CONTROLLED PERSONS IN THE FPS OF RUSSIA AND PROMISING SOLUTIONS

Система электронного мониторинга подучетных лиц (далее - СЭМПЛ) в уголовно-исполнительной системе Российской Федерации положительно себя зарекомендовала, хотя и имеет ряд существенных проблем, связанных с законодательным урегулированием и практическим применением. Существует проблемы по использованию оборудования СЭМПЛ в связи с их недостаточно высокими техническими данными. Так, электронные браслеты функционируют в оптимальном режиме при температуре не ниже пяти градусов Цельсия, однако климатические условия во многих регионах нашей страны значительно суровее (к примеру, территории Крайнего Севера). Еще одним спорным моментом является осуществление контроля за лицом при помощи использования других средств контроля, к примеру, установка камер видеонаблюдения в том жилом помещении, где совместно с подозреваемым или обвиняемым проживают иные лица (родственники). В статье также отмечается, что СЭМПЛ применяется к такой категории преступников, которые совершили преступления небольшой и средней тяжести. Авторы предлагают установить перечень лиц, к которым целесообразно применять определенный набор технических средств мониторинга. Примерная классификация может выглядеть так: лица, которые условно-досрочно освободились из исправительных учреждений; лица, которые были привлечены к ответственности за преступления, связанные с половой свободой и неприкосновенностью; лица, которые были привлечены к уголовной ответственности не один раз. The system of electronic monitoring of controlled persons in the penal system of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the SAMPL) has proved to be positive in terms of practice for several years, although it has a number of significant problems requiring both legislative settlement and practical application. There are problems with the use of the SAMPL equipment due to insufficient technical data. Thus, electronic bracelets function optimally at a temperature not lower than 5 degrees of centigrade. In many regions of our country, climate conditions are not favourable, such as the territories of the Far North. Another point of contention is the control of the person by other means of control, for example, the installation of video surveillance cameras in the accommodation where other persons (relatives) live together with the suspect or accused. Thus, the SAMPL applies to the category of criminals who have committed misdemeanors and gross misdemeanors. The authors also propose to establish a list of persons to whom it is advisable to apply a certain set of technical monitoring tools. An approximate classification may look like this: persons who were released from correctional institutions on parole; persons who were brought to justice for sexual offences; a category of persons who were brought to criminal responsibility more than once.

Reliability and effective use of electronic trap monitoring systems based on cellular networks

The deployment of cage traps rather than kill traps can greatly reduce non-target mortality in an invasive species control/eradication operation, but their use is normally constrained by the need for them to be checked frequently on animal welfare grounds. This paper examines the reliability of electronic monitoring devices that use cellular (mobile phone) networks to alert the operator when a trap door closes, and also discusses the management network that is needed to convert an alarm into a timely trap visit without fail. The two monitoring systems tested were 100% reliable in notifying the operator when a trap door closed, and their use reduced the burden of trap visits by 98% compared to the standard protocol of daily checks. As such, these systems can be of great value to campaigns operating large numbers of traps, especially when capture rates are low.

Sportolás elektronikus monitorozással időskorban

Összefoglaló. Idősebb korban a testgyakorlás különösen fontos az izmok sorvadásának megelőzése, valamint a vérnyomás és a testsúly kontrollja céljából. Ma már egyre gyakoribb az időskorúak részvétele sportversenyeken is. Esettanulmányunk célja a késő felnőttkori, illetve időskori versenyszerű sportolás egészségi alkalmassági feltételeinek, kockázatainak és a teljesítőképesség változásainak bemutatása az elektronikus monitorozás és virtuális versenyzés korában. Esetünkben ez egy időskorú személy 16 év során (54–70 éves kor) teljesített maratoni futóversenyeinek, valamint virtuális evezőversenyek részvételi és felkészülési adatainak elemzésével valósul meg. Esetünk illusztrálja, hogy az észszerű túlterhelés elve alapján az izmok adaptációja akkor következik be, amikor az edzés terhelése meghaladja az addig már elért terhelési szintet. A sportóra használata az elektronikus pulzusszám és a teljesítmény monitorozásával nemcsak a versenyek és edzések alatt a pulzusszám céltartományban tartására, de hosszabb távú tendenciák felismerésére is hasznosnak bizonyult. Az egészségi állapotnak megfelelő (sportág és intenzitás) időskori testgyakorlás és sportversenyen való részvétel nemcsak az erőnlét megtartását tűzheti ki célul, hanem értékes erőnlétfejlesztést is. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(51): 2061–2066. Summary. With advancing age, exercise becomes particularly important to prevent muscle atrophy and to control blood pressure and weight. Today, participation of aging people in athletic competitions is increasingly common. The aim of our case study is to explore and illustrate the health conditions, development and risk factors of competitive sporting activities of late adult and elderly athletes in the age of electronic monitoring and virtual racing. We processed the preparation and participation data of a total of 16 years of marathon races as well as rowing machine races of an elderly male person (age 54–70). Using a sports watch with electronic heart rate and performance monitoring has proved useful not only for keeping the heart rate in target range, but also for assessing trends in the long run. Our case underscores the value of reasonable overload with advancing age; beneficial muscle adaptation occurs when the workload of an exercise exceeds the previously reached level. Gradual exercise of older adults and participation in athletic competitions can not only maintain fitness but also develop valuable additional strength. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(51): 2061–2066.

Drug Adherence, in Liver Transplant, Patients: A Review

Transplantation of liver due to liver failure provides the chance to patient to live in pleasant environment and improve their health-related quality of life. The therapeutic objectives of liver transplant only be achieved if the patient becomes adherent to the therapy prescribed by the doctors such as Immunosuppressant drugs and life style as suggested. Endurance of the liver transplant patients in the starting five years after the liver transplant varies from 60-80%. The survival depends upon type of illness which leads to liver transplantation the causative agents including comorbidities, carelessness in liver damaging diseases and fails to manage self-life care. The major risk after transplantation, are the organ dysfunction and the graft failure. Therefore, the outcomes of transplant will not be achieved if the patient become non adherent to therapy on the other hand cost will also increased. Non adherence can be determined by interaction with patients to know the different factors that involves in non-adherence such as health care system of the patient, socio economic condition of the patient, availability of prescribed medicines, underlying disease and medical condition of the patient. Patient is said to be adherent if the patient taking 80-110% medicines according to prescription. In case of liver transplantation non adherence may vary from 2-67% and the annual average estimated as 35.6%, as a result graft rejection or failure in transplantation may occurs, cost of treatment may also increase and morbidity and mortality may also increase. There are different tools used to determine non adherence some of them are counting the number of tablets, self-reported questionnaire, reporting of common side effects of immunosuppressive drugs, determination of serum level of immunosuppressant drugs and electronic monitoring. Out of these methods the most common, easy and cost-effective method for assessing the non-adherence in medical practice is self-reporting. Self-reporting method is highly specific because the questionnaire used in this, contain specific questions it is also used with other tools to get the specific information of patient’s medication use behavior. Medication Adherence among Liver Transplant Recipients can be improved by application of reminder approaches such as Phone Calls, Mobile Application and/or Patient Counseling and medication non-adherence have negative impact on quality of life of patients.

A Punitive But Non-Punitive Society: An Explanation Of The Specificity Of Penal Populism In South Korea

<p>It is argued in existing Korean criminological literature that penal populism has strongly influenced the criminal justice system over the last two decades in South Korea (‘SK’, hereafter). Their contention is based on the evidence of punitive penal policies formulated around sex offences against children since the 2000s. These policies include increased minimum sentencing for sex offenders, increased maximum terms of imprisonment, sex offender registration and community notification, electronic monitoring, and chemical castration. However, imprisonment rates in SK, one of the main indicators of punitiveness in other countries, rapidly decreased in the 2000s and have since then been stable. Moreover, the imprisonment rates in this country are significantly lower than those of other societies where penal populism has occurred, including the US, England, and New Zealand. Why, then, do criminologists in SK argue that penal populism has flourished in SK at a time when imprisonment rates are not sufficiently high to invoke punitiveness, let alone the downward (and stabilising) trend of imprisonment rates? The purpose of this thesis is to explain the punitive penal developments in SK since the 2000s, by drawing upon Pratt’s (2007) penal populism theory. Firstly, the contention in Korean criminology that penal populism has strongly operated and impacted the penal landscape in SK is empirically demonstrated. This demonstration is based on analyses of newspaper articles, social media, legislative bills, and minutes of the National Assembly with regard to sexual violence against children. This is followed by an explanation of the specific form of penal populism in SK, which is focused exclusively around sexual violence against children. The explanation draws on a social analysis of why and how the sensibilities of South Koreans toward children and the safety of children have changed over recent decades. The main argument here is that the socio-cultural value of children created under the tradition of Confucian familialism in SK has significantly increased through immense social, economic, and structural changes. These changes were brought about by a compressed process of industrialisation, which began as early as the 1960s, and the transition to late-modern society from the 1990s onwards. Lastly, this thesis seeks to explain the apparent contradiction between penal populism and the rapid decrease of the imprisonment rate in the 2000s in SK. I argue here that the rapid decrease of the imprisonment rate at that time was primarily caused by the changed patterns of pardon, parole, and remand within the context of the criminal justice reforms driven by the two progressive governments between 1998 and 2007. In addition, during the CJS reforms, ‘independence of the judiciary’ was upheld as the most important value, which regulated institutional arrangements in regard to sentencing in particular. Within these arrangements, the judiciary has been able to resist the impact of penal populism, which also contributed to the decrease of the imprisonment rate in the 2000s in this country.</p>