Three-dimensional model results for an electrical hole-to-surface method: application to the interpretation of a field survey

This study aimed at bridging this gap and proposed a Three-Dimensional Model (Macro, Meso, and Micro). It also attempted to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of the glass ceiling, which limits women's participation in higher decision-making positions and determined how to overcome these barriers. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach. Three exploratory workshops involving 65 academic women leaders were conducted at three Saudi universities. This was followed by a field survey of the overall population involving 213 female leaders. Then six interviews of 35 female leaders were conducted. The results of the field survey illustrated the barriers preventing women from career development. According to the participants, the most challenging barriers at the institutional level were related to administrative and organizational aspects. They were followed by the barriers related to institutional culture. The social and personal barriers were ranked the last. The results of the interviews also revealed a set of ideas, which proposed methods to support women's progress to senior positions. They included political authority, policy development, open-door policy, adherence to the standards for selecting leaders based on competence, continuous evaluation, and professional development. The important role of the academic woman leader in the development of her career requires her to take responsibility for her professional growth and meet the requirements of the leadership role. The study recommends a comprehensive and profound treatment of the glass ceiling phenomenon. The study recommends a comprehensive training plan to support the skills, experiences, and capabilities of qualified women to occupy academic leadership. Benefiting from international expertise regarding this issue is highly recommended. There must be continuous monitoring and analysis of some quantitative and qualitative indicators based on an accurate database related to the academic empowerment of Saudi women.

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Three‐dimensional model results for an electrical hole‐to‐surface method: Application to the interpretation of a field survey

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.1442402 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 85-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

D. Le Masne ◽

C. Poirmeur

Keyword(s):

Field Survey ◽

Current Source ◽

Electrical Potential ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Electrical Parameters ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Borehole Geophysics ◽

Homogeneous Half Space ◽

Surface Method ◽

Three Dimensional Models

An important objective of borehole geophysics is to maximize information about inhomogeneities in the vicinity of existing boreholes. Three‐dimensional models (parallelepipedic inhomogeneities in a homogeneous half‐space) are used here to characterize the responses of an electrical hole‐to‐surface method ELECENT (ELECtrode ENTerrée) where conductive or resistive inhomogeneities (orebodies) occur in the vicinity of a borehole. Two types of surface measurements are carried out simultaneously at each station: electrical potential V (as in mise à la masse), and associated electrical field E. These two measured parameters give rise to three other parameters, two apparent resistivities (one for each V and E case) and another parameter quantifying the orientation of the E field. The influence of various geometrical and electrical parameters (such as the horizontal and vertical distances between the current source, the stations, and the inhomogeneity, and the size and resistivity of the inhomogeneity) on the five parameters above appears to be important. Values and positions of the extrema of these five parameters are characteristic of the geometrical and electrical parameters of the models. The orientation of the E field, for instance, is found to be critical to determining the shape of the inhomogeneity and its depth relative to the current source. The theoretical results obtained are used to interpret a field survey carried out around a borehole at the Beauvain prospect in France. Field maps of the five parameters show characteristics similar to the models described in the theoretical part of the study.

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