Effects of mining-induced seismic events on a deep underground mine

The 2001 terrorist attacks in the USA and the 2011 seismic events in Japan have brought into sharp relief the vulnerabilities involved in storing nuclear waste on the land’s surface. Nuclear engineers and waste managers are deciding that disposing nuclear waste deep underground is the preferred management option. However, deep disposal of nuclear waste is replete with enormous technical uncertainties. A proposed solution to protect against both the technical vagaries of deep disposal and the dangers of surface events is to store the nuclear waste at shallow depths underground. This paper explores social and ethical issues that are relevant to such shallow storage, including security motivations, intergenerational equity, nuclear stigma, and community acceptance. One of the main ethical questions to emerge is whether it is right for the present generation to burden local communities and future generations with these problems since neither local peoples nor future people have sanctioned the industrial and military processes that have produced the waste in the first place.

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Back Analysis of Short-Term Seismic Hazard Indicators of Larger Seismic Events in Deep Underground Mines (LKAB, Kiirunavaara Mine, Sweden)

Pure and Applied Geophysics ◽

10.1007/s00024-019-02352-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 177 (2) ◽

pp. 763-785

Author(s):

Emilia Nordström ◽

Savka Dineva ◽

Erling Nordlund

Keyword(s):

Seismic Hazard ◽

Early Warning ◽

Back Analysis ◽

Warning System ◽

Source Area ◽

Seismic Source ◽

Underground Mines ◽

Seismic Events ◽

Short Term ◽

Deep Underground

Abstract Back analysis for evaluation of the merits of the short-term seismic hazard indicators (precursors) used in the mines and their potential application for early warning was carried out for fourteen seismic events that potentially caused damage in Kiirunavaara Mine, Sweden, selected according to our designed criteria. Five short-term hazard indicators: Seismic Activity Rate (SAR), Cumulative Seismic Moment (CSM), Energy Index (EI), Cumulative Apparent Volume (CAV) and Seismic Apparent Stress Frequency (ASF) were tested. The behaviour of the indicators was studied using the parameters of all seismic events within a sphere around the hypocenter location of the analyzed seismic source within one month before the main (damaging) event. The size of the sphere equals the estimated radius of the analyzed seismic source (area of inelastic deformation). mXrap software (Australian Centre for Geomechanics) was used for data visualization, manipulation, analysis and extraction. The results from the main analysis showed a good agreement between the expected and actual behaviour of the SAR, CSM and CAV indicators. In overall, CSM and CAV ranked the highest positive/expected behaviour followed by SAR (Table 3). The EI and ASF ranked lowest and showed to be sensitive to the number of events within the source sphere. The rate of false warnings and missed warnings was also investigated for the 25 days-long period before the damaging events. A similar trend was observed as for the main analysed event. The results from this study can be used for further improvement of the short-term hazard estimations and early warning system in deep underground mines.

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Bioweathering of Kupferschiefer black shale (Fore-Sudetic Monocline, SW Poland) by indigenous bacteria: implication for dissolution and precipitation of minerals in deep underground mine

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01326.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 81 (1) ◽

pp. 99-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Renata Matlakowska ◽

Aleksandra Skłodowska ◽

Krzysztof Nejbert

Keyword(s):

Black Shale ◽

Underground Mine ◽

Indigenous Bacteria ◽

Deep Underground ◽

Sw Poland ◽

Dissolution And Precipitation

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Analysis of dynamic external loads to haul truck machine subsystems during operation in a deep underground mine

Mining Goes Digital ◽

10.1201/9780429320774-59 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 515-524

Author(s):

Paweł Śliwiński ◽

Tomasz Kaniewski ◽

Justyna Hebda-Sobkowicz ◽

Radoslaw Zimroz ◽

Agnieszka Wylomańska

Keyword(s):

Underground Mine ◽

Deep Underground ◽

External Loads ◽

Haul Truck

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Investigation of Electromagnetic Emissions in a Deep Underground Mine

Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines Proceedings ◽

10.36487/acg_repo/574_66 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Douglas Scott ◽

T Williams ◽

S Knoll

Keyword(s):

Underground Mine ◽

Electromagnetic Emissions ◽

Deep Underground

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Stability of Deep Underground Mine Drift through Complex Geology Conditions in Quang Ninh Coal Area

Inżynieria Mineralna ◽

10.29227/im-2020-02-27 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Kiên Đặng Văn ◽

Vo TRONG HUNG ◽

Do NGOC ANH ◽

Do NGOC THAI ◽

Dao VAN CHI

Keyword(s):

Water Immersion ◽

Surrounding Rock ◽

Underground Mine ◽

Cement Matrix ◽

Argillaceous Rock ◽

Deep Underground ◽

The Stability ◽

Complex Geology ◽

Quang Ninh

The stability of deep underground mine drifts is pivotal to sustainable, safe mining in underground coal mines. The main objective of this research is to determine the stability and drifting safety issues in 500-m-deep deep underground mine drift through complex geology in the Quang Ninh coal area. The laboratory experimentation and field measurements were used to analyze the large deformations and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock, the influence factors of safe excavation and stability of deep underground mine drift, and to study the stability control countermeasures. This study also shows the main factors influencing the stability and drifting safety include complex geology zones, high in situ stress, poor mechanical properties and engineering performance of the argillaceous rock mass. According to the field study, the groutability of cement-matrix materials in the argillaceous rock in the complex geology zones were extremely poor, and deformations and failure of the surrounding rock were characterized by dramatic initial deformation, high long-term creep rate, obviously asymmetric deformations and failure, the rebound of roof displacements, overall loosened deformations of deep surrounding rock on a large scale, and high sensitivity to engineering disturbance and water immersion. Various geo-hazards occurred during the underground mine drift excavation, including roof collapse, groundwater inrush. Control techniques are proposed and should be adopted to ensure drifting safety and to control the stability of deep underground mine drift through complex geology zones, including choice of reasonable drift shape, reasonable support type, steel sets, regional strata reinforcement technique such as ground surface pre-grouting, primary enhanced control measures, grouting reinforcement technique, and secondary enclosed support measures for long-term stability, which are critical for ensuring the sustainable development of the underground coal mine.

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Analysis of Hypocenter Relocation by Using Double Difference Method in a Deep Underground Mining

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/873/1/012099 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 873 (1) ◽

pp. 012099

Author(s):

Wahyu Hidayat ◽

David P. Sahara ◽

Sri Widiyantoro ◽

I Putu Raditya Ambara Putra ◽

Nabiel H. Shihab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Difference Method ◽

Underground Mining ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Underground Mine ◽

Underground Mines ◽

Double Difference ◽

Overburden Thickness ◽

Deep Underground ◽

Hypocenter Relocation ◽

Geological Complexity

Abstract Hypocenter relocation is one of the keys to success in the analysis of seismicity induction in underground mines. Overburden thickness, topography, geological complexity, and mining activities can result in newly induced seismicity that can endanger the safety of underground mine workers. The relatively narrow underground mine area requires the most accurate hypocenter location information possible. The double-difference algorithm approach is one of the keys to overcoming this problem. The double-difference method is a relative location method that tries to minimize the residuals between the observed and calculated travel time differences for pairs of microseismic events at each station, by adjusting the differences between all pairs of events at each station repeatedly. In this study, we utilized microseismic measurement data in the deepest underground mine in Indonesia. A total of 1783 seismic events were successfully relocated. The relocation results show the rock mass stress which is illustrated by the distribution of events around the cave, especially the abutment area and underground mining tunnels.

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