Verbal memory deficits associated with major affective disorders: a comparison of unipolar and bipolar patients

1987 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Dissociable mechanisms for memory impairment in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID C. GLAHN ◽  
JENNIFER BARRETT ◽  
CARRIE E. BEARDEN ◽  
JIM MINTZ ◽  
MICHAEL F. GREEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Remediation Strategies ◽  
Organizational Dysfunction ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background. Although memory deficits are consistently reported in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, the mechanisms underlying these impairments are poorly understood. Clarifying the nature and degree of overlap in memory deficits between the two illnesses could help to distinguish brain systems disrupted in these illnesses, and indicate cognitive remediation strategies to improve patient outcomes.Method. We examined performance on a non-verbal memory task in clinically stable out-patients with bipolar disorder (n=40), schizophrenia (n=40), and healthy comparison subjects (n=40). This task includes conditions in which distinct mnemonic strategies – namely, using context to organize familiar stimuli or using holistic representation of novel stimuli – facilitate performance.Result. When compared to a reference condition, bipolar patients had deficits consistent with organizational dysfunction and poor detection of novel information. Although patients with schizophrenia performed worse than the other groups, they were only differentially impaired when organizational demands were significant. Task performance was not correlated with severity of clinical symptomatology.Conclusions. This pattern of distinct memory impairments implies disturbances in partially overlapping neural systems in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Evidence of impairment in detection of novel stimuli that is unique to bipolar disorder suggests that, while the absolute level of cognitive dysfunction is less severe in bipolar disorder as compared to schizophrenia, subtle disruptions in memory are present. These findings can be used to plan targeted cognitive remediation programs by helping patients to capitalize on intact functions and to learn new strategies that they do not employ without training.

Verbal Memory Deficits in Children With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Lau ◽  
Casey Hoffman ◽  
Christiane Burnett ◽  
Kristin Samuelson
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Memory Deficits

Limitations of the highly abbreviated CVLT-II in screening verbal memory deficits

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Gromisch ◽  
Frederick W. Foley ◽  
Andrew S. Castiglione ◽  
Vance Zemon ◽  
Ralph H. Benedict ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Deficits

scholarly journals Cognitive impact in bipolar disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 052-058
Author(s):  
Bourin Michel
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Disability Severity ◽  
Depressive Episodes

It appears that bipolar patients suffer from cognitive difficulties whereas they are in period of thymic stability. These intercritical cognitive difficulties are fairly stable and their severity is correlated with the functional outcome of patients. Nevertheless, the profile of cognitive impairment varies significantly from study to study quantitatively and qualitatively. According to the studies, the authors find difficulties in terms of learning, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, sustained attention, speed of information processing, functions executive. On the other hand, deficits of general intelligence, motor functions, selective attention, and language are not usually found. One of the reasons for the heterogeneity of results is the difficulty of exploring cognition in bipolar disorder. Many factors must be taken into account, such as the presence of residual mood symptoms, the longitudinal history of the disorder (age of onset, number of episodes due, among others, the neurotoxic impact of depressive episodes and deleterious cognitive effects). (length of hospitalization), level of disability severity, comorbidities (particularly addictive).

scholarly journals Organizational Learning Strategies and Verbal Memory Deficits in Bipolar Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Nitzburg ◽  
Armando Cuesta-Diaz ◽  
Luz H. Ospina ◽  
Manuela Russo ◽  
Megan Shanahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Learning Differences ◽  
Mnemonic Devices ◽  
Bipolar Patients

AbstractBackground: Verbal memory (VM) impairment is prominent in bipolar disorder (BD) and is linked to functional outcomes. However, the intricacies of VM impairment have not yet been studied in a large sample of BD patients. Moreover, some have proposed VM deficits that may be mediated by organizational strategies, such as semantic or serial clustering. Thus, the exact nature of VM break-down in BD patients is not well understood, limiting remediation efforts. We investigated the intricacies of VM deficits in BD patients versus healthy controls (HCs) and examined whether verbal learning differences were mediated by use of clustering strategies. Methods: The California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) was administered to 113 affectively stable BD patients and 106 HCs. We compared diagnostic groups on all CVLT indices and investigated whether group differences in verbal learning were mediated by clustering strategies. Results: Although BD patients showed significantly poorer attention, learning, and memory, these indices were only mildly impaired. However, BD patients evidenced poorer use of effective learning strategies and lower recall consistency, with these indices falling in the moderately impaired range. Moreover, relative reliance on semantic clustering fully mediated the relationship between diagnostic category and verbal learning, while reliance on serial clustering partially mediated this relationship. Conclusions: VM deficits in affectively stable bipolar patients were widespread but were generally mildly impaired. However, patients displayed inadequate use of organizational strategies with clear separation from HCs on semantic and serial clustering. Remediation efforts may benefit from education about mnemonic devices or “chunking” techniques to attenuate VM deficits in BD. (JINS, 2017, 23, 358–366)

Identification of Subtle Verbal Memory Deficits in Premanifest Huntington Disease Using the California Verbal Learning Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Holden ◽  
Savanna M. Tierney ◽  
Lisa V. Graves ◽  
Ilex Beltran-Najera ◽  
Steven Paul Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Huntington Disease ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Learning Test

Depressive Mixed States: Symptomatology, Prevalence and Principles of Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
W. Drozdz ◽  
A. Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Principles Of Treatment ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Current diagnostic systems (DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10) do not include depressive mixed state (DMS) as a separate category. However, both historical descriptions and data from recent research clearly indicate that cooccurrence of (hypo)maniacal and depressive symptoms is standard in clinical picture of affective disorders. Most frequently employed criterion for DMS is the presence of at least three symptoms of (hypo)mania for 7 days during a major depressive episode. Not only formal diagnostic criteria for DMS are lacking but also psychometric assessment tools (for example the Hamilton Depression Scale or the MADRS) were designed around the features of “classical” depression. The other obstacles to recognize DMS could be lack of insight into the (hypo)maniacal symptoms in patients and cognitive dysfunctions present during an episode. On the other hand, newly created instrument, the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale, may assist clinical evaluation of DMS. Despite predominating depressive symptomatology, the principles of treatment of DMS suggest avoidance of antidepressant monotherapy in favor of mood stabilizers' administration. Actually DMS may emerge as a complication of antidepressant monotherapy in some bipolar patients or may be induced with interferon-alpha treatment in some chronic hepatitis C patients. Important consequences of both spontaneous and drug-induced DMS could be the roughening of affective symptomatology, resistance to antidepressants and the increase of suicidality. Thorough appraisal of symptoms seen in patients with affective disorders for indicators of DMS could have critical consequences for functional outcomes.

Comparison of Unilateral and Bilateral ECT: Evidence for Selective Memory Impairment

1982 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delee Fromm-Auch
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
The Past ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Verbal Functions

SummaryReview of studies from the past 16 years employing quantitative measurement of memory functions before and after ECT revealed the following trends: impairment of non-verbal memory functions after less than five unilateral non-dominant ECTs; improvement of non-verbal memory functions after five or more unilateral non-dominant ECTs; no change or improvement of verbal memory functions with unilateral non-dominant ECT; consistent impairment of verbal functions with unilateral dominant ECT, and impairment of both verbal and nonverbal functions with bilateral ECT. The relative lack of impairment in memory functions with unilateral non-dominant ECT is consistent with the theory of asymmetrical hemispheric disorganization in affective disorders, and supports the choice of unilateral non-dominant ECT over bilateral or unilateral dominant ECT in the treatment of depression.

scholarly journals Verbal memory and treatment response in post-traumatic stress disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Wild ◽  
Ruben C. Gur
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Post Traumatic

SummaryPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often associated with verbal memory deficits, which could influence treatment outcome. We assessed neuropsychological functioning in individuals with PTSD and their response to cognitive– behavioural therapy (CBT). Treatment non-responders had significantly poorer performance on measures of verbal memory compared with responders and demonstrated narrative encoding deficits. Differences were not explained by IQ, performance on tasks of attention, initial PTSD severity, depression, time since trauma, or alcohol/substance misuse. Verbal memory deficits seem to diminish the effectiveness of CBT and should be considered in its implementation.

scholarly journals Persistence of cognitive impairment and its negative impact on psychosocial functioning in lithium-treated, euthymic bipolar patients: a 6-year follow-up study

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Mora ◽  
M. J. Portella ◽  
I. Forcada ◽  
E. Vieta ◽  
M. Mur
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychosocial Adaptation ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Bipolar Patients

BackgroundPrevious cross-sectional studies report that cognitive impairment is associated with poor psychosocial functioning in euthymic bipolar patients. There is a lack of long-term studies to determine the course of cognitive impairment and its impact on functional outcome.MethodA total of 54 subjects were assessed at baseline and 6 years later; 28 had DSM-IV TR bipolar I or II disorder (recruited, at baseline, from a Lithium Clinic Program) and 26 were healthy matched controls. They were all assessed with a cognitive battery tapping into the main cognitive domains (executive function, attention, processing speed, verbal memory and visual memory) twice over a 6-year follow-up period. All patients were euthymic (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score lower than 8 and Young mania rating scale score lower than 6) for at least 3 months before both evaluations. At the end of follow-up, psychosocial functioning was also evaluated by means of the Functioning Assessment Short Test.ResultsRepeated-measures multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there were main effects of group in the executive domain, in the inhibition domain, in the processing speed domain, and in the verbal memory domain (p<0.04). Among the clinical factors, only longer illness duration was significantly related to slow processing (p=0.01), whereas strong relationships were observed between impoverished cognition along time and poorer psychosocial functioning (p<0.05).ConclusionsExecutive functioning, inhibition, processing speed and verbal memory were impaired in euthymic bipolar out-patients. Although cognitive deficits remained stable on average throughout the follow-up, they had enduring negative effects on psychosocial adaptation of patients.

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