Preparation and partial characterization of highly purified primary cultures of neurons and non-neuronal (glial) cells from embryonic chick cerebral hemispheres and several other regions of the nervous system

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen R. Hanson ◽  
Patrick L. Iversen ◽  
Lester M. Partlow
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Partial Characterization ◽  
Embryonic Chick

scholarly journals Primary Cultures of Embryonic Chicken Neurons for Sensitive Cell-Based Assay of Botulinum Neurotoxin: Implications for Therapeutic Discovery

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Stahl ◽  
Gordon Ruthel ◽  
Edna Torres-Melendez ◽  
Tara A. Kenny ◽  
Rekha G. Panchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Sensitive Cell ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin A ◽  
Therapeutic Compounds

Botulinum toxin is an exceedingly potent inhibitor of neurotransmission across the neuromuscular junction, causing flaccid paralysis and death. The potential for misuse of this deadly poison as a bioweapon has added a greater urgency to the search for effective therapeutics. The development of sensitive and efficient cell-based assays for the evaluation of toxin antagonists is crucial to the rapid and successful identification of therapeutic compounds. The authors evaluated the sensitivity of primary cultures from 4 distinct regions of the embryonic chick nervous system to botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) cleavage of synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kD (SNAP-25). Although differences in sensitivity were apparent, SNAP-25 cleavage was detectable in neuronal cells from each of the 4 regions within 3 h at BoNT/A concentrations of 1 nM or lower. Co-incubation of chick neurons with BoNT/A and toxin-neutralizing antibodies inhibited SNAP-25 cleavage, demonstrating the utility of these cultures for the assay of BoNT/A antagonists. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2007:370-377)

Uptake, metabolism, and release of [3H]-histamine by glial cells in primary cultures of chicken cerebral hemispheres

Glia ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Huszti ◽  
Ágnes Rimanóczy ◽  
Anna Juhász ◽  
Kálmán Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres

scholarly journals Toll-Like Receptors: Insights into Their Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of Lyme Neuroborreliosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 4385-4395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. F. Bernardino ◽  
Tereance A. Myers ◽  
Xavier Alvarez ◽  
Atsuhiko Hasegawa ◽  
Mario T. Philipp
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Lyme Neuroborreliosis ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Proinflammatory Responses ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT Lyme neuroborreliosis is likely caused by inflammatory effects of the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi on the nervous system. Microglia, the resident macrophage cells within the central nervous system (CNS), are important in initiating an immune response to microbial products. In addition, astrocytes, the major CNS glial cell type, also can contribute to brain inflammation. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) are used by glial cells to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), mediate innate responses, and initiate an acquired immune response. Here we hypothesize that because of their PAMP specificities, TLR1, -2, -5, and -9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis. Previous reports have shown that the rhesus monkey is the only animal model to exhibit signs of Lyme neuroborreliosis. Therefore, we used primary cultures of rhesus astrocytes and microglia to determine the role of TLRs in mediating proinflammatory responses to B. burgdorferi. The results indicate that microglia and astrocytes respond to B. burgdorferi through TLR1/2 and TLR5. In addition, we observed that phagocytosis of B. burgdorferi by microglia enhances not only the expression of TLR1, -2, and -5, but also that of TLR4. Taken together, our data provide proof of the concept that astrocyte and microglial TLR1, -2, and -5 are involved in the in vivo response of primate glial cells to B. burgdorferi. The proinflammatory molecules elicited by these TLR-mediated responses could be a significant factor in the pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis.

scholarly journals Histological and immunohistochemical characterization of the inflammatory and glial cells in the central nervous system of goat fetuses and adult male goats naturally infected with Neospora caninum

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Carneiro Costa ◽  
Débora Ribeiro Orlando ◽  
Camila Costa Abreu ◽  
Karen Yumi Ribeiro Nakagaki ◽  
Leonardo Pereira Mesquita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Partial Characterization of Collagen Types IX and X Synthesized by Embryonic Chick Chondrocytes

1985 ◽  
Vol 460 (1 Biology, Chem) ◽  
pp. 443-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. GRANT ◽  
C. M. KIELTY ◽  
A. P. L. KWAN ◽  
D. F. HOLMES ◽  
S. L. SCHOR
Keyword(s):  
Partial Characterization ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Collagen Types
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