Surfactant structure and its relation to the Krafft point, cloud point and micellization: Some empirical relationships

1992 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiren Gu ◽  
Johan Sjöblom
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Point ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Krafft Point ◽  
Empirical Relationships

Effect of protein denaturants on cloud point and krafft point of nonionic surfactants

1989 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk Kyu Han ◽  
Sang Myung Lee ◽  
Min Kim ◽  
Hans Schott
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Point ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Krafft Point

scholarly journals Using 3D micro-geomorphometry to quantify interstitial spaces of an oyster cluster

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwanmok Kim ◽  
Vincent Lecours ◽  
Peter C. Frederick
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Interstitial Volume ◽  
Curvature Measures ◽  
Technological Limitations

In ecology, it is assumed that the characteristics (e.g. shape, size) of interstitial spaces found in a variety of habitats affect the colonization of species, species interactions, and species composition. However, those characteristics have traditionally been difficult to measure due to technological limitations. In this study, we used the Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry technique to measure the physical characteristics of interstitial spaces in a small oyster cluster. The point cloud (and mesh) of the oyster cluster derived from SfM photogrammetry was found to be accurate enough (mean error of 0.654 mm) to conduct 3D geomorphometric analyses. We present an example of measures of curvature, roughness, interstitial volume, surface area, and openness for three 3D interstitial spaces. The interpretation of those measures enabled establishing which interstitial spaces were the most likely to be used as a shelter for an average crab. Those spaces are characterized by smaller openness and higher roughness and curvature measures. This initial quantitative 3D characterization of an oyster cluster is the first step in establishing empirical relationships between structural complexity of biological structures like oyster clusters and their ecological role for instance in predator-prey interactions. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of combining SfM photogrammetry with geomorphometry for fine-scale ecological studies.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DO COMPORTAMENTO REOLÓGICO E PROPRIEDADES DE ESCOAMENTO A FRIO DO BIODIESEL DE SEBO BOVINO E SUAS MISTURAS COM DIESEL

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio Pimentel Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Point ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Point Cloud

A tendência de um combustível solidificar a baixas temperaturas é verificada através das Propriedades de Escoamento a Frio (PEF). Tais propriedades no biodiesel de sebo bovino (B100-Sb) podem afetar a viabilidade comercial desse combustível, devido à composição em termos de ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos (EMAG) ser predominantemente composta por saturados. Estudou-se o efeito de adição de triacetina sobre o melhoramento das PEF do B100-Sb e das misturas BX (B5a B50) nas frações volumétricas de 0,5, 1, 5, 10 e 20% (v/v) de triacetina dissolvida no B100-Sb, bem como o comportamento reológico desses combustíveis foram obtidos usando-se um reômetro do tipo Searle. As propriedades de escoamento a frio de tais combustíveis foram obtidas através dos Mini Pour Point/Cloud Point e CFPP testers. A adição da triacetina teve uma ação discreta quanto à diminuição do ponto de névoa, porém, atuou de forma mais efetiva sobre o ponto de fluidez desses combustíveis. Foi constatado que nas misturas BX quanto maior a proporção de B100-Sb presente na mistura, maior a redução do PF do combustível. Com relação ao B100-Sb, os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o percentual de 1,0 % de triacetina no combustível, aumentando-se tal valor percentual não houve alteração com relação aos PEF. Os B100-Sb, óleo diesel e misturas BX e misturas BX-Triacetina comportaram-se como Fluidos Newtonianos e Fluidos pseudoplásticos a 20≤ T≤ 90°C e 14 ≤ T ≤ 18°C, respectivamente. As curvas de viscosidade evidenciaram que presença da triacetina atua inibindo o crescimento e aglomeração dos cristais de EMAG.

scholarly journals Investigating the effects of depressant additives on the low temperature properties of petroleum products

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
A. Sh. Zainullina ◽  
D. K. Sibatov
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The article is devoted to the study of the low temperature properties of petroleum products and the influence of depressant additives on former. The objects of the study are the summer mark diesel fuel produced by «ПетроКоммерцОйлКазахстан» and depressant additives of «AGA», «MANNOL», «FENOM», «CYCLO C-24» brands. Such physical and chemical characteristics of petroleum products as flashpoint, pour point, cloud point, cold filter plugging point and kinematic viscosity of pure diesel fuel at the presence and absence of depressor additives of brands listed above. The best performance among studied additives is shown by «MANNOL» brand additive.

New focus of the cloud point/Krafft point of nonionic/cationic surfactants as thermochromic materials for smart windows

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihan Liu ◽  
Yanan Han ◽  
Zhaohui Huang ◽  
Ping Qi ◽  
Aixin Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Point ◽  
Cationic Surfactants ◽  
Krafft Point ◽  
Smart Windows

A nonionic poly(oxyethylene) monoalkyl ether (C12(EO)6) and a cationic hexadecylpyridinium bromide (HPB) were used in featuring warm/cool transparency transition switchability, depending on the decrease in the hydration of the EO-headgroup...

scholarly journals Investigating the effects of depressant additives on the low temperature properties of petroleum products

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
A. Sh. Zainullina ◽  
D. K. Sibatov
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The article is devoted to the study of the low temperature properties of petroleum products and the influence of depressant additives on former. The objects of the study are the summer mark diesel fuel produced by «ПетроКоммерцОйлКазахстан» and depressant additives of «AGA», «MANNOL», «FENOM», «CYCLO C-24» brands. Such physical and chemical characteristics of petroleum products as flashpoint, pour point, cloud point, cold filter plugging point and kinematic viscosity of pure diesel fuel at the presence and absence of depressor additives of brands listed above. The best performance among studied additives is shown by «MANNOL» brand additive.

scholarly journals Using 3D micro-geomorphometry to quantify interstitial spaces of an oyster cluster

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwanmok Kim ◽  
Vincent Lecours ◽  
Peter C. Frederick
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Interstitial Volume ◽  
Curvature Measures ◽  
Technological Limitations

In ecology, it is assumed that the characteristics (e.g. shape, size) of interstitial spaces found in a variety of habitats affect the colonization of species, species interactions, and species composition. However, those characteristics have traditionally been difficult to measure due to technological limitations. In this study, we used the Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry technique to measure the physical characteristics of interstitial spaces in a small oyster cluster. The point cloud (and mesh) of the oyster cluster derived from SfM photogrammetry was found to be accurate enough (mean error of 0.654 mm) to conduct 3D geomorphometric analyses. We present an example of measures of curvature, roughness, interstitial volume, surface area, and openness for three 3D interstitial spaces. The interpretation of those measures enabled establishing which interstitial spaces were the most likely to be used as a shelter for an average crab. Those spaces are characterized by smaller openness and higher roughness and curvature measures. This initial quantitative 3D characterization of an oyster cluster is the first step in establishing empirical relationships between structural complexity of biological structures like oyster clusters and their ecological role for instance in predator-prey interactions. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of combining SfM photogrammetry with geomorphometry for fine-scale ecological studies.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK MINYAK CAMPURAN RED PALM OIL DENGAN PALM KERNEL OLEIN (Characteristics of Oil Blends from Red Palm Oil and Palm Kernel Olein)

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ulfah ◽  
Adi Riswanto ◽  
Ngatirah Ngatirah
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Cloud Point ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Red Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel Olein ◽  
Oil Blends ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Β Carotene

Characteristics of oil blends has been produced from red palm oil (RPO) and palm kernel olein (PKOo) with seven ratios with a total of 100, namely A (0:100), B (25:75), C (40:60), D (50:50), E (60:40), F (75:25) and G (100:0) v/v investigated with randomized complete block design. The result showed that different of ratio levels RPO and PKOo have some effects on peroxide value, saponification value, melting point, cloud point and β-carotene content from RPO-PKOo oil blends, but has not effect on free fatty acid content. Higher level of PKOo content on formulas oil blends were decreased of saponification value and melting point, but was increased of cloud point. The best of RPOPKOo oil blends has been obtained at ratio 50:50 (v/v), with 459.52 ppm β-carotene, 1.35 meq/kg peroxide value, 0.09 % free fatty acid, 202.60 saponification value, 24.15 oC melting point and 7.15 oC cloud point. Fatty acids composition were 1.24 % capric acid, 29.00 % lauric acid, 10.09 % miristic acid, 23.10 % palmitic acid, 5.84 linoleic acid, 27.30 % oleic acid and 3.43 % stearic acid.Keywords: Red palm oil, palm kernel olein, oil blends, chemical and physical propertiesABSTRAKSifat-sifat minyak campuran yang dihasilkan dari red palm oil (RPO) dan palm kernel olein (PKOo) dengan tujuh tingkat rasio yang totalnya 100, yaitu A (0:100), B (25:75), C (40:60), D (50:50), E (60:40), F (75:25) dan G (100:0) (v/v) dikaji menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio RPO:PKOo mempengaruhi angka peroksida, angka penyabunan, melting point, cloud point dan kadar β-karoten dari minyak campuran RPO-PKOo yang dihasilkan, namun tidak mempengaruhi kadar asam lemak bebas. Peningkatan jumlah PKOo yang ditambahkan dalam minyak campuran RPO-PKOo, akan menurunkan angka penyabunan dan melting point, namun akan menaikkan cloud point. Produk minyak campuran RPO-PKOo terbaik diperoleh pada rasio 50:50 (v/v), dengan kadar β-karoten 459,52 ppm, angka peroksida 1,35 meq/kg, asam lemak bebas 0,09 %, angka penyabunan 202,60, melting point 24,15 oC dan cloud point 7,15 oC, serta komposisi asam lemak (kaprat 1,24 %, laurat 29,00 %, miristat 10,09 %, palmitat 23,10 %, linoleat 5,84 %, oleat 27,30 % dan stearat 3,43 %).Kata kunci: Red palm oil, palm kernel olein, minyak campuran, sifat kimia, sifat fisika

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