Empirical Modelling of Household Oils in UV-Vis-NIR Spectrum through Developed Low-Cost Spectroscopy Setup (LCSS)

In this research work, a low-cost \(UV-Vis-NIR\) spectroscopy setup (\(LCSS\)) is developed and presented to analyze transmission (%) and absorption (\(Au\)) from household oils samples. The sensing potential of the developed setup is examined using four different oil samples. These oil samples consist of olive oil, mustard oil, amla oil, and red palm oil. The transmission (%) obtained for olive oil, mustard oil, amla oil, and red palm oil is \(75.66\%\), \(71.10\%\), \(69.87\%\), and \(68.12 \%\) at \(923.2 nm\), \(924.5 nm\), \(925.9 nm,\) and \(927.8 nm\) respectively. Similarly, the absorbance (\(Au\)) for olive oil, mustard oil, amla oil, and red palm oil is \(0.121 Au\), \(0.141 Au\), \(0.153 Au,\) and \(0.163 Au\) at \(920.0 nm\), \(923.0 nm\), \(925.8 nm\), and \(930.2 nm\) respectively. A linear relationship in the wavelength range of \(920 nm\) to \(935 nm\) between transmission (%) and wavelength produce \({R}^{2}=0.9717\) corresponding to a degree (2). Similarly, the linear relation between absorbance (\(Au\)) and wavelength produce \({R}^{2}=0.9997\) corresponding to a degree (2). Finally, an 8th order empirical sinusoidal model is developed for transmission (\(\%\)) and absorbance (\(Au\)) corresponding to the olive oil, mustard oil, amla oil, and red palm oil. The maximum value of \(R-\)square corresponding to the transmission (\(\%\)) for the developed empirical model is obtained for amla oil. Similarly, the full value of the absorbance (\(Au\)) from the developed empirical model is obtained for red palm oil, which indicates a great response towards the empirical sinusoidal model.

The role of gambeir filtrate and red palm oil in the formation of canna starch based-functional edible film

This study aims to analyze the role of gambier filtrate and red palm oil in the formation of functional edible film and to determine whether the gambier filtrate and red palm oil are synergistic or antagonistic in the formation of functional edible films. The study design used a factorial randomized block design with two treatment factors and each treatment consisted of three levels, namely: gambier filtrate concentration (A): 20, 30, and 40% (v/v) as well as red palm oil concentration (B): 1.2 and 3% (v/v). The observed parameters were thickness, elongation percentage, water vapor transmission rate, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity. Gambier filtrate and red palm oil were capable to improve the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of canna starch-based edible film. Gambier filtrate plays a role in increasing the elongation percentage, thickness, and water vapor transmission rate of edible film.

Characteristics of catfish oil, red palm oil and shark liver oil as functional foods

Functional food is a food ingredient in addition to basic needs as nutrients that can also play a functional role in health. This research aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of catfish oil, red palm oil, and shark liver oil as functional food ingredients. The research method was to extract fish oil from belly flap, purify catfish oil, and process red palm oil (RPO) from crude palm oil (CPO). The analysis parameters consisted of sensory analysis, oil chemical characteristics (free fatty acid analysis, peroxide, iodine, saponification, and acid numbers), total carotene, tocopherol, and analysis of fatty acid composition. The results showed that the catfish oil after being purified had sensory characteristics, smelled slightly fishy and semi-solid, and had a bright yellow color. The results of the analysis of chemical characteristics showed that the free fatty acid numbers of catfish oil and shark liver oil were following IFOS standards (1.33 and 0.62%), and the RPO numbers for peroxide and free fatty acids according to the SNI standards (9.56 meq kg and 1.44%). The highest ω-3 and ω- 6 fatty acids were in shark liver oil (3.56 and 35.35%), followed by catfish oil (1.72 and 19.9%). and RPO does not contain ω-3 and ω-6. Catfish oil, RPO, and shark liver oil act as functional foods. The fatty acid composition of catfish, shark liver and red palm oil contains saturated and the fatty acid composition of catfish, shark liver and red palm oil contains saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Mono and poly unsaturated fatty acid (FUFA anf MUFA) in crude catfish oil, pure catfish oil, shark liver oil, and red palm oils were 56.71, 58.12, 63.81 and 47.39% respectively. The result of analysis showed composition of in catfish oil 1.72 and 19.9 %. The content of and of shark liver oil was 3.5 and 35.5%. Whereas in red palm oil does not Ω 3 and Ω 6. The content of EPA and DHA in shark liver oil was 0.08, 0.09 but not in catfish and red palm oil. The total content of carotene and tocopherol in red palm oil was 513.86 and 925.80 mg/kg, respectively. The nutritional composition of catfish oil, red palm oil, and shark liver oil has the potential to be used as functional food. Keywords:Characteristic physicochemicalCaroteneTocopherolω-3ω-6

Role of Red Palm Oil in Male Obesity and Infertility Prevention

The African continent has wide, varied, and rich plant diversity due to its climate. Some of these plants and their products have received tremendous attention due to their benefits in treating and managing ailments that plagues humanity. Red palm oil (RPO) is one of such natural products that have immense nutritional value with ability to ameliorate cardiac- and reproductive-related disorders. In this review article, the current knowledge on the potential of RPO as a phytomedicine to lessen or even prevent the negative impact of obesity on general health status and male fertility was evaluated. This study was done using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Web of Science. The study revealed some controversies and inconsistent reports on the effect of RPO on obesity and male fertility which needs further research using appropriate experimental models of obesity. Obesity is known to disrupt male fertility by causing changes to the hypothalamic- pituitary-gonadal axis, thus impairing steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. As spermatozoa are extremely sensitive towards oxidative stress, a carefully balanced daily supplementation of normal diet with antioxidant-rich RPO might be useful to protect spermatozoa and preserving male fertility. RPO was shown to be useful to protect against or ameliorate toxin- or medical condition-induced male infertility. Also, RPO is packed with powerful antioxidants like carotenoids and vitamin E which helps to prevent cell damage. However, its role in obesity prevention remains a debate.

Physicochemical properties of red palm oil extruded potato and sweet potato snacks

Extruded potato (P) and sweet potato (SP) products with red palm oil (RPO) were prepared under different conditions. Superior product characteristics such as sensory score, expansion ratio, and water solubility index, among others, were obtained at high extrusion temperature (150-155 °C) and low water feed rate to the extruder (50.4-50.8 mL/min). The optimal products, P1 and SP1, had high micronutrients as their total contents of β-carotene, squalene, tocopherols, and tocotrienols were 883.2, 304.4, 262.4, and 397.0 mg/kg of oil, respectively. The average peroxide value was 4.3 meq O2/kg oil, p-anisidine value 3.3, and induction period (100 °C) 11.4 h. Moreover, RPO extruded with P showed a better extrusion behavior but lower micronutrient retention and oxidative stability than that extruded with SP. Thus, the finding herein is important for investigating extrusion conditions, increasing variety, improving nutritional quality, assessing applicability and predicting the shelf-life of RPO-P/SP-extruded food.

Sifat Fisika Kimia Campuran Minyak dari Minyak Sawit Merah Murni dengan Minyak Zaitun, Minyak Jagung, Minyak Kedelai atau Minyak Bunga Matahari

Minyak sawit merah murni (virgin red palm oil, VRPO) merupakan minyak mengandung asam lemak jenuh dan tak jenuh seimbang, serta senyawa bioaktif tinggi (seperti karoten, tokoferol dan tokotrienol). Sementara itu, minyak zaitun (olive oil, OO), minyak jagung (corn oil, CO), minyak kedelai (soybean oil, SBO) dan minyak bunga matahari (sunflower oil, SFO) merupakan minyak mengandung asam lemak tak jenuh tinggi. Pencampuran dua atau lebih jenis minyak dapat menghasilkan minyak sehat dengan profil asam lemak, stabilitas oksidatif dan senyawa bioaktif yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji karakteristik campuran VRPO dengan OO, CO, SBO atau SFO pada rasio berat 100:0-0:100 meliputi kadar asam lemak bebas, karoten dan vitamin E, komposisi asam lemak, bilangan iodin, titik leleh, dan kandungan lemak padat. Peningkatan jumlah VRPO meningkatkan kadar asam palmitat, karoten dan vitamin e, titik leleh dan kandungan lemak padat. Peningkatan jumlah OO, CO, SBO atau SFO menurunkan kadar asam lemak bebas dan meningkatkan bilangan iodin. Campuran VRPO dengan CO, SBO atau SFO menghasilkan minyak sehat dengan rasio asam lemak jenuh: asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal: asam lemak tak jenuh ganda mendekati 1:1,5:1,0. Campuran VRPO dengan OO juga menghasilkan minyak sehat dengan rasio asam linoleat: asam linolenat sebesar 5-10:1. Campuran-campuran minyak tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk minyak goreng, baking shortening dan margarin yang kaya senyawa bioaktif.

Potential Role of Red Palm Oil Supplemented Diet on Oxidative Stress Enzymes in Plasmodium Berghei Induced Malaria

BackgroundMalaria parasites are very vulnerable to oxidative stress during the part of their life cycle when they inhabit the erythrocytes. Studies have shown that dietary intake of antioxidant plays a role in stabilizing oxidative stress.MethodsThe objective of this research work was to examine the antioxidative effect of red palm oil on Plasmodium berghei malaria induced oxidative stress. Sixty (60) mice were distributed into five groups. Group A served as the negative control (healthy mice with normal feed); group B as positive control (healthy mice fed with red palm oil without malaria parasite.while the other groups (C to E) served as the test groups. Group C served as group of healthy mice fed with red palm oil (pelletized), infected with malaria parasite without antimalaria drug. Group D served as group of healthy mice fed with red palm oil (pelletized), infected with malaria parasite and treated with amodiaquine. Group E served as group of healthy mice fed with normal feed, infected with malaria parasite and treated with amodiaquine. The parasitemia levels were estimated on days 1,4 and 5. The activity of oxidative stress enzymes biomarkers were determined spectrophotometrically.ResultGroup A showed a statistically significant increase in the activity of SOD (1.90 ± 0.16 units/mg protein), GST (1.68 ± 0.086 units/L) compared to group C, SOD (3.54 ± 0.83 units/mg protein), GST (2.12 ± 0.20 units/L). Group B showed a statistical significant decrease in the activities of SOD (3.22 ± 0.33 units/mg protein), Catalase (49.11 ± 2.35 µmol/min), GSH-R (31.50 ± 2.48 units/L) compared to group E, SOD (2.18 ± 0.39 units/mg protein), Catalase (44.07 ± 3.88 µmol/min), GSH-R (27.75 ± 1.64 units/L).ConclusionThe dietary intake of red palm oil helps to reduce free radical mediated injury to the tissue thus preventing oxidative stress induced by malaria or any other factors.