Spatial and temporal variability in copper complexation in the North Pacific

AbstractTemporal variability of the winter input of wind energy flux (wind power) and its relationship to internal wave fields were examined in the North Pacific. The dominant long-term variability of the wind power input, estimated from a mixed layer slab model, was inferred from an empirical orthogonal function analysis, and it was found that variability partly corresponded to the strength and movement of the Aleutian low. Responses of the internal wave field to the input of wind power were examined for two winters with a meridional float array along 170°W at a sampling interval of 2 dbar. Time series of the vertical diffusivities inferred from density profiles were enhanced during autumn and winter. After comparing diffusivities inferred from densities sampled at 2- and 20-dbar intervals, Argo floats with a vertical resolution of 20 dbar were used to detect spatial and temporal variability of storm-related mixing between 700 and 1000 dbar in the North Pacific over a period of 10 years. Horizontal maps of inferred seasonal diffusivities suggested that the diffusivities were enhanced in autumn and winter. However, it is unlikely that there is a simple linear relationship between the input of wind power and the inferred mixing.

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Temporal Variability of Trichodesmium spp. and Diatom-Diazotroph Assemblages in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2018.00027 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Angelicque E. White ◽

Katie S. Watkins-Brandt ◽

Matthew J. Church

Keyword(s):

North Pacific ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Subtropical Gyre ◽

North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ◽

The North ◽

The North Pacific

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Analysis of the differences between the North Pacific Victoria and meridional modes

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-3886 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kai Ji ◽

Hongchao Zuo ◽

Jianping Li ◽

Ruiqiang Ding

Keyword(s):

North Pacific ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

North Pacific Oscillation ◽

Atmospheric Variability ◽

Enso Events ◽

Northeast Pacific ◽

The North ◽

Basin Scale ◽

The North Pacific

<p>The Victoria mode (VM) and Pacific meridional mode (PMM) are the dominant SST modes over the North Pacific. Both are forced by a North Pacific Oscillation (NPO)-like extratropical atmospheric variability, and can act as a bridge (or conduit) through which North Pacific extratropical atmospheric variability influences ENSO. Consequently, the VM shares some resemblance with the PMM. However, the VM and PMM differ in terms of their spatial structure, temporal variations, and impacts on ENSO. In contrast to the local SST mode of the PMM in the subtropical northeast Pacific, the VM, as a basin-scale SST mode of the North Pacific basin, includes large-amplitude SSTAs over the northeast Pacific, the western North Pacific (WNP), and the high-latitude North Pacific. Results indicate that SLP anomalies associated with the VM are generally located west of those associated with the PMM. In addition, the VM has a unique temporal variability, independent of the PMM. Furthermore, the VM is more closely linked to ENSO than is the PMM, possibly because the VM combines the effects of the PMM and SSTAs in the WNP. Thus, the VM represents a more reliable precursor signal than the PMM for ENSO events and may have profound implications for ENSO prediction.</p>

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Impacts of Physical and Biological Processes on Spatial and Temporal Variability of Particulate Organic Carbon in the North Pacific Ocean during 2003–2017

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-53025-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jun Yu ◽

Xiujun Wang ◽

Hang Fan ◽

Rong-Hua Zhang

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

North Pacific ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

North Pacific Ocean ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Subtropical Region ◽

Subarctic Region ◽

The North ◽

The North Pacific

Abstract The North Pacific Ocean is a significant carbon sink region, but little is known about the dynamics of particulate organic carbon (POC) and the influences of physical and biological processes in this region at the basin scale. Here, we analysed high-resolution surface POC data derived from MODIS-Aqua during 2003–2017, together with satellite-derived sea surface chlorophyll and temperature (SST). There are large spatial and temporal variations in surface POC in the North Pacific. Surface POC is much lower in the subtropical region (<50 mg m−3) than in the subarctic region (>100 mg m−3), primarily resulting from the south-to-north variability in biological production. Our analyses show significant seasonal and interannual variability in surface POC. In particular, there is one peak in winter-spring in the western subtropical region and two peaks in late spring and fall in the western subarctic region. Surface POC is positively correlated with chlorophyll (r = ~1) and negatively correlated with SST (r = ~−0.45, P < 0.001) south of 45°N, indicating the strong influence of physically driven biological activity on the temporal variability of POC in the subtropical region. There is a significantly positive but relatively lower correlation coefficient (0.6–0.8) between POC and chlorophyll and an overall non-significantly positive correlation between POC and SST north of 45°N, reflecting the reduction in the POC standing stock due to the fast sinking of large particles. The climate modes of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, El Niño–Southern Oscillation and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation have large impacts on POC in various seasons in the subtropical region and weak influences in the subarctic region. Surface POC was anomalously high after 2013 (increased by ~15%) across the basin, which might be the result of complex interactions of physical and biological processes associated with an anomalous warming event (the Blob).

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Lateral Eddy Mixing in the Subtropical Salinity Maxima of the Global Ocean

Journal of Physical Oceanography ◽

10.1175/jpo-d-16-0215.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 737-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Julius Busecke ◽

Ryan P. Abernathey ◽

Arnold L. Gordon

Keyword(s):

North Pacific ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Large Scale ◽

Global Ocean ◽

Transformation Rate ◽

The South ◽

Surface Salinity ◽

Near Surface ◽

The North ◽

The North Pacific

AbstractA suite of observationally driven model experiments is used to investigate the contribution of near-surface lateral eddy mixing to the subtropical surface salinity maxima in the global ocean. Surface fields of salinity are treated as a passive tracer and stirred by surface velocities derived from altimetry, leading to irreversible water-mass transformation. In the absence of surface forcing and vertical processes, the transformation rate can be directly related to the integrated diffusion across tracer contours, which is determined by the observed velocities. The destruction rates of the salinity maxima by lateral mixing can be compared to the production rates by surface forcing, which act to strengthen the maxima. The ratio of destruction by eddy mixing in the surface layer versus the surface forcing exhibits regional differences in the mean—from 10% in the South Pacific to up to 25% in the south Indian. Furthermore, the regional basins show seasonal and interannual variability in eddy mixing. The dominant mechanism for this temporal variability varies regionally. Most notably, the North Pacific shows a large sensitivity to the background salinity fields and a weak sensitivity to the velocity fields, while the North Atlantic exhibits the opposite behavior. The different mechanism for temporal variability could have impacts on the manifestation of a changing hydrological cycle in the sea surface salinity (SSS) field specifically in the North Pacific. The authors find evidence for large-scale interannual changes of eddy diffusivity and transformation rate in several ocean basins that could be related to large-scale climate forcing.

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