Waste stabilization ponds: Effluent quality requirements and implications for process design

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Parissopoulos ◽  
A. Papadopoulos ◽  
F. Papadopoulos ◽  
A. Karteris

The performance of three waste stabilization ponds (WSP) treatment units (lines A, B, C) for a period of two years is presented. The above units were part of a research and demonstration project in North Greece concerning wastewater treatment with natural systems and effluent reuse for irrigation. Line A consisted of a deep anaerobic pond followed by a facultative and two maturation ponds. The anaerobic pond supplied with 120 m3/d was also feeding line B at a ratio 1:3 (line A: line B). Line B had the same design features with line A but with a recirculation of effluent. The third unit fed with primary treated effluent at a rate of 50m3/d from the WWTP of Thessaloniki was consisted of a facultative and two maturation ponds. In the anaerobic pond the BOD5, COD, SS, TC and FC mean reduction was 28%, 42%, 58%, 31% and 36% for the cold period (T<10°C) and 45%, 53%, 72%, 67% and 71% for the warm period (T>10°C) respectively. In line A, the BOD5, COD, SS, TC and FC total reduction was 98%, 89%, 93%, 99.99% and 99.99% for the cold and 98%, 85%, 88%, 99.99% and 99.99% for the warm period. In line B the reduction was 92%, 86%, 88%, 98.5% and 98.82% for the cold and 96%, 88%, 83%, 99.95% and 99.97% for the warm period. In line C the reduction of the same parameters was 92%, 64%, 40%, 99.88% and 99.96% for the cold and 92%, 59%, 22%, 99.99% and 99.99% for the warm period. The effluent quality was further improved with the use of a storage reservoir and a slow sand filter and reused successfully for crop irrigation.


1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
P. R. Thomas ◽  
H. O. Phelps

A study was carried out in one of the two facultative stabilization ponds operating in parallel and receiving domestic sewage in excess of their capacities. Effluent quality from the pond was monitored in terms of the parameters total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, dissolved oxygen and faecal coliform bacteria before and after the introduction of water hyacinths. No significant improvement in effluent quality was observed after the introduction of the water hyacinths. High loading on the pond did not permit to upgrade the effluent quality to acceptable standards by the use of water hyacinths. Although the research is continuing some results and recommendations are given.


1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1759-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Houghton ◽  
D. D. Mara

This study concerns the role of sulphide production in the reduction of algal populations and proliferation of purple sulphur bacteria in primary waste stabilization ponds, and the effect of such changes on effluent quality and hydrogen sulphide odour release. Full-scale ponds in Israel were compared to laboratory-scale models fed with domestic wastewater at various organic and sulphate loads. The phenomenon occurred in ponds whose organic loads were between those normally thought appropriate to facultative and anaerobic ponds. Algae of the genus Chlamydomonas were most tolerant of sulphide in ponds, confirming previous in vitro studies. Populations of both photosynthetic groups in the models were related to surface BOD5 loading rates and influent sulphate and sulphide concentrations. Purple sulphur bacteria were unable to prevent all odour release, so situations where they proliferate should be avoided by redesign. Shifts from algal to purple sulphur bacterial dominance caused by increased sulphide concentrations under constant loads were not observed to affect adversely effluent quality in terms of BOD5 and COD.


1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Boutin ◽  
A. Vachon ◽  
Y. Racault

In 1983 and 1986, surveys were conducted all over France on wastewater stabilization by “natural” ponds (lagoons), including an almost exhaustive inventory of the 1400 plants then operating. The statistical interpretation of collected data made it possible to analyse the spread of this technique, which became truly popular only ten years ago, and to discern the usual design basis and regional features. With a mean plant area of 5500 m2, lagoons are usually restricted to the treatment of effluents from rural communities, with the exception of large plants in coastal touristic areas. Partially planted ponds are a competing alternative to conventional algal lagooning. Current conditions of pond management are reviewed, with results of effluent quality.


1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-394
Author(s):  
G. L. Frederick

The experience of pond performance in Grand Cayman is described. Monitoring of the system indicates that over the two years since commissioning the performance and final effluent quality have changed. This paper intends to address the contributing factors that might have caused these changes.


1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Oragui ◽  
H. Arridge ◽  
D. D. Mara ◽  
H. W. Pearson ◽  
S. A. Silva

Rotavirus removal in waste stabilization ponds is a relatively slow process: in a series of ten ponds (a 1-d anaerobic pond followed by nine 2-d ponds) its numbers were reduced from 1.4 × 105 per litre to zero, and in an “innovative” series (a 1-day anaerobic pond, 3-d facultative pond, 3.8-d, 3-d and 5-d maturation ponds) from 5.1 × 104 per litre to <5 per litre. Faecal coliforms were better indicators of rotaviruses than was Clostridium perfringens .


1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Racault ◽  
C. Boutin ◽  
A. Seguin

In 1992, a survey was conducted on the performance of waste stabilization ponds in France. The data selected come from a sample of 178 ponds, with an average capacity of 600 p.e., throughout France. For each plant, one or several input--output load measurements over a 24-h period are available. The average organic load level received is approximately 25 kg BOD/ha.d, representing 50% of the nominal load. The quality of the treated water is presented based on the type of sewerage system feeding the ponds. The results appear dispersed, however; in 70% of the cases the concentrations in COD and BOD on filtered samples are under 120 mg/l and 40 mg/l, respectively, and the concentration in TSS under 120 mg/l (discharge standards in France for waste stabilization ponds). The reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are on average from 60% to 70%. The influence of different parameters (sewerage system type, organic load, season, age of plant, etc.) was studied. The results appear noticeably worse when the ponds receive wastewater from a strictly separate sewerage system.


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