Effects of ethanol, fructose, and ethanol plus fructose infusions on plasma glucose concentration and glucose turnover in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) as measured by [6-3H]glucose

1984 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K Armstrong ◽  
Dale R Romsos
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Turnover

Steady state glucose kinetics and their relation to plasma glucose concentration in the premature and full term neonatal piglet

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1069-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Flecknell ◽  
R. Wootton ◽  
Muriel John ◽  
J. P. Royston
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Glucose Kinetics ◽  
Neonatal Piglet

Steady state glucose kinetics were measured in 19 premature and 16 full-term piglets. Bodyweight, plasma glucose concentration, total body glucose turnover rate, and glucose pool size were not significantly different between the two groups. This suggests that the premature piglet is capable of maintaining glucose homeostasis during the first 24 h of life. Although there appeared to be a correlation between glucose turnover and plasma glucose concentration, analysis of covariance showed that it was spurious, suggesting that glucose utilization proceeds independently of the glucose concentration in plasma.Glucose turnover rate in the premature piglet is closely comparable with that reported in the premature human infant. These findings encourage the use of the neonatal piglet as an animal model for the study of the problems of the neonatal human.

Muscle glucose utilization during sustained swimming in the carp (Cyprinus carpio)

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. R1226-R1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. West ◽  
C. J. Brauner ◽  
P. W. Hochachka
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Red Muscle

The involvement of circulatory glucose in the energy provision of skeletal muscle and heart of swimming carp was examined. Plasma glucose concentration varied from 3 to 17 mM among individual carp, and estimates of glucose turnover rate (RT) were positively correlated with plasma glucose level in resting fish (range 1.6-6.3 mumol.min-1.kg-1) and in swimming fish (range 4.2-10.7 mumol.min-1.kg-1). Carp that were exercised at 80% of their critical swimming speed displayed a twofold higher RT at any given plasma glucose concentration. Metabolic clearance rate also doubled in swimming carp (1.0 +/- 0.1 ml.min-1.kg-1) relative to resting controls (0.5 +/- 0.1 ml.min-1.kg-1). Indexes of muscle glucose utilization (GUI), determined with 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose, indicated that glucose utilization in red muscle was not dependent on plasma glucose concentration; however, glucose utilization in this muscle mass was threefold higher in swimming fish than in resting control fish. On the basis of whole body aerobic scope measurements in carp, it was estimated that circulatory glucose potentially comprised 25-30% of the total fuel oxidation in the active red muscle mass. GUI in heart was positively correlated with plasma glucose concentration, and it is possible that glucose availability had considerable influence on the pattern of myocardial substrate oxidation in resting and active carp. Carp are somewhat more reliant than rainbow trout on glucose for locomotor energetics, correlating with species differences in swimming capability and with the greater capacity of omnivorous carp to tolerate dietary glucose.

scholarly journals Direct Chemical Measurement of the λ of the Lumped Constant of the [14C]Deoxyglucose Method in Rat Brain: Effects of Arterial Plasma Glucose Level on the Distribution Spaces of [14C]Deoxyglucose and Glucose and on λ

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Mori ◽  
Nancy Cruz ◽  
Gerald Dienel ◽  
Thomas Nelson ◽  
Louis Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Operational Equation ◽  
Chemical Measurements ◽  
Lumped Constant ◽  
Dg Method ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Distribution Spaces

The lumped constant in the operational equation of the 2-[14C]deoxyglucose (DG) method contains the factor λ that represents the ratio of the steady-state tissue distribution spaces for [14C]DG and glucose. The lumped constant has been shown to vary with arterial plasma glucose concentration. Predictions based mainly on theoretical grounds have suggested that disproportionate changes in the distribution spaces for [14C]DG and glucose and in the value of λ are responsible for these variations in the lumped constant. The influence of arterial plasma glucose concentration on the distribution spaces for DG and glucose and on λ were, therefore, determined in the present studies by direct chemical measurements. The brain was maintained in steady states of delivery and metabolism of DG and glucose by programmed intravenous infusions of both hexoses designed to produce and maintain constant arterial concentrations. Hexose concentrations were assayed in acid extracts of arterial plasma and freeze-blown brain. Graded hyperglycemia up to 28 m M produced progressive decreases in the distribution spaces of both hexoses from their normoglycemic values (e.g., ∼ – 20% for glucose and – 50% for DG at 28 m M). In contrast, graded hypoglycemia progressively reduced the distribution space for glucose and increased the space for [14C]DG. The values for λ were comparatively stable in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions but rose sharply (e.g., as much as 9–10-fold at 2 m M) in severe hypoglycemia.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration and Glucose Challenge Test for Screening Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
Sujaya Sham ◽  
B Poornima R Bhat ◽  
Aruna Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Glucose Challenge Test ◽  
Glucose Challenge ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration

ABSTRACT Background To compare the sensitivity and specificity of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) with that of standard glucose challenge test (GCT). Materials and methods Eighty-nine eligible pregnant women underwent GCT between 24th and 28th gestational week, followed by a diagnostic 3 hours 100 gm oral glucose tolerance test within 1 week. Out patient clinic in Father Muller Medical College Hospital, Mangalore. Data was analyzed for significance by chi-square test. Results Fasting plasma glucose concentration at a threshold value of 90 mg/dl and GCT at recommended standard threshold of 140 mg/dl yielded sensitivities of 66.7% and 100% respectively and specificities of 87.3% and 46.5% respectively. Reducing the threshold value of FPG to 80 mg/dl increased the sensitivity of test to 91.7% with specificity of 54.9% which was comparable to standard GCT, in our study. Conclusion Measuring FPG concentration using a cut-off of. 80 mg/dl is an easier, tolerable and more cost effective procedure than GCT for detecting more severe cases of GDM, i.e. the diabetes mellitus group. In resource poor settings with population belonging to average risk or high risk category, FPG at a cut-off of 90 mg/dl can be used to screen GDM. How to cite this article Sham S, Bhat BPR, Kamath A. Comparative Study of Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration and Glucose Challenge Test for Screening Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):75-78.

A single bolus infusion of C-reactive protein increases gluconeogenesis and plasma glucose concentration in humans

Metabolism ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1576-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh S. Birjmohun ◽  
Radjesh J. Bisoendial ◽  
Sander I. van Leuven ◽  
Mariette Ackermans ◽  
Aelko Zwinderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Bolus Infusion ◽  
Single Bolus ◽  
Reactive Protein

Overnight inhibition of insulin secretion restores pulsatility and proinsulin/insulin ratio in type 2 diabetes

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (3) ◽  
pp. E520-E528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Laedtke ◽  
Lise Kjems ◽  
Niels Pørksen ◽  
Ole Schmitz ◽  
Johannes Veldhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
First Phase Insulin Secretion ◽  
Clinical Experiments

Impaired insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes is characterized by decreased first-phase insulin secretion, an increased proinsulin-to-insulin molar ratio in plasma, abnormal pulsatile insulin release, and heightened disorderliness of insulin concentration profiles. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that these abnormalities are at least partly reversed by a period of overnight suspension of β-cell secretory activity achieved by somatostatin infusion. Eleven patients with type 2 diabetes were studied twice after a randomly ordered overnight infusion of either somatostatin or saline with the plasma glucose concentration clamped at ∼8 mmol/l. Controls were studied twice after overnight saline infusions and then at a plasma glucose concentration of either 4 or 8 mmol/l. We report that in patients with type 2 diabetes, 1) as in nondiabetic humans, insulin is secreted in discrete insulin secretory bursts; 2) the frequency of pulsatile insulin secretion is normal; 3) the insulin pulse mass is diminished, leading to decreased insulin secretion, but this defect can be overcome acutely by β-cell rest with somatostatin; 4) the reported loss of orderliness of insulin secretion, attenuated first-phase insulin secretion, and elevated proinsulin-to-insulin molar ratio also respond favorably to overnight inhibition by somatostatin. The results of these clinical experiments suggest the conclusion that multiple parameters of abnormal insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mechanistically reflect cellular depletion of immediately secretable insulin that can be overcome by β-cell rest.

Contribution of cortisol to glucose counterregulation in humans

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. E35-E42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De Feo ◽  
G. Perriello ◽  
E. Torlone ◽  
M. M. Ventura ◽  
C. Fanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽  
Cortisol Increase

To test the hypothesis that cortisol secretion plays a counterregulatory role in hypoglycemia in humans, four studies were performed in eight normal subjects. In all studies, insulin (15 mU.m-2.min-1) was infused subcutaneously (plasma insulin 27 +/- 1 microU/ml). In study 1, plasma glucose concentration and glucose fluxes [( 3-3H]glucose), substrate, and counterregulatory hormone concentrations were simply monitored, and plasma glucose decreased from 89 +/- 2 to 52 +/- 2 mg/dl for 12 h. In study 2, (pituitary-adrenal-pancreatic clamp), insulin and counterregulatory hormone secretion (except for catecholamines) was prevented by somatostatin (0.5 mg/h, iv) and metyrapone (0.5 g/4 h, per os), and glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone were infused to reproduce the concentrations of study 1. In study 3 (lack of cortisol increase), the pituitary-adrenal-pancreatic clamp was performed with maintenance of plasma cortisol at basal levels, and glucose was infused, whenever needed, to reproduce plasma glucose concentration of study 2. Study 4 was identical to study 3, but exogenous glucose was not infused. Isolated lack of cortisol increase caused a approximately 22% decrease in hepatic glucose production (P less than 0.01) and a approximately 15% increase in peripheral glucose utilization (P less than 0.01), which resulted in greater hypoglycemia (37 +/- 2 vs. 52 +/- 2 mg/dl, P less than 0.01) despite compensatory increases in plasma epinephrine. Lack of cortisol response also reduced plasma free fatty acid, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol concentrations approximately 50%. We conclude that cortisol normally plays an important counterregulatory role during hypoglycemia by augmenting glucose production, decreasing glucose utilization, and accelerating lipolysis.

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