The Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM): A procedure for evaluating pesticide leaching threats to groundwater

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Carsel ◽  
Lee A. Mulkey ◽  
Matthew N. Lorber ◽  
Leland B. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Pesticide Leaching

scholarly journals Vadose zone infiltration and its implication for groundwater contamination risk assessment in Siloam village, Limpopo province, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Arrey ◽  
John O. Odiyo ◽  
Rachel Makungo ◽  
Milton Kataka
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Moisture Fluxes

Risk assessment methods and approaches are useful for environmental planning and decision-making when dealing with risk identification and reduction in a changing global context. This is particularly true for arid and semi-arid regions, such as Siloam village, Limpopo province, South Africa, where it is a common practice to apply fertilisers to the soil during planting season for increasing crop yield. Estimates of vadose zone soil moisture fluxes were used to determine the likelihood of applied agricultural fertilisers to reach the groundwater table. This study combines field observations in the study area and a one-dimensional numerical model to explore the moisture fluxes and their implications for contaminant transport in the vadose zone. Model simulations revealed a lag time of 117 days at topsoil and 913 days beyond the root zone for deep percolation of soluble non-reactive inorganic and organic additives to reach the groundwater table. Preliminary results of this study suggest that the vadose zone is permeable and the groundwater is vulnerable to contamination within the evaluated time scale. Given that disaster risks are inevitable, reasonable methods for control and mitigation of agricultural impacts at this site are highly recommended.

Comparison of PRZM and GLEAMS Computer Model Predictions with Field Data for Fluometuron and Norflurazon Behavior in Soil

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Willian ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
David C. Bridges ◽  
Charles E. Snipes
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Loading Effects ◽  
Increase In Accuracy ◽  
Similar Accuracy ◽  
Gleams Model

The ability of the pesticide root zone model (PRZM) and the groundwater-loading effects of agricultural management systems (GLEAMS) model to predict movement of two herbicides in soil was evaluated using site-specific environmental data from sites in three states. Predictions of herbicide movement with site-specific data were compared to predictions using more generalized database soil and pesticide data within each model. Field experiments examined fluometuron and norflurazon movement in three soils representative of the cotton-growing regions of the southeastern United States. In comparing the use of site-specific vs. database values, the small increase in accuracy using site-specific inputs would not justify the large cost to obtain the data. The databases for each model gave predictions similar to those using the site-specific numbers. Both the PRZM and the GLEAMS model had similar accuracy levels in predicting the presence of fluometuron or norflurazon present in three surface soils, although each model tended to overpredict movement and total herbicide concentration, especially at lower herbicide concentrations. At higher herbicide concentrations, prediction accuracy was less than that probably needed to predict agronomically relevant herbicide concentrations in surface soils.

An integrated and physically based nitrogen cycle catchment model

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Hansen ◽  
J. C. Refsgaard ◽  
V. Ernstsen ◽  
S. Hansen ◽  
M. Styczen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
River System ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Daily Discharge ◽  
Land Use And Management ◽  
Catchment Model ◽  
Modelling Approach

This paper presents a modelling approach where the entire land-based hydrological and nitrogen cycle from field to river outlet was included. This approach is based on a combination of a physically based root zone model (DAISY) and a physically based distributed catchment model (MIKE SHE/MIKE11). Large amounts of data available from statistical databases and surface maps were used for determination of land use and management practises to predict leaching within the catchment. The modelling approach included a description of nitrate transformations in the root zone, denitrification in the saturated zone, wetland areas and the river system within the catchment. The modelling approach was applied for the Odense Fjord catchment which constitutes one of the pilot river basins for implementation of the European Water Framework Directive. The model simulated overall nitrogen fluxes in the river system consistent with the observed values but showed some discrepancies between simulated and observed daily discharge values The results showed significant differences of denitrification capacities between larger areas such as sub-catchments. This approach has great potential for optimal planning of the establishment of wetlands and further land use legislation with respect to high denitrification rates.

Validation of pesticide root zone model 3.12: Employing uncertainty analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1578-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Carbone ◽  
Patrick L. Havens ◽  
William Warren-Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Zone Model

Assessing the fate of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from oily waste land spreading by modelling

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Drolet ◽  
Olivier Banton ◽  
Pierre Lafrance ◽  
Jean-Pierre Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Petroleum Refineries ◽  
Oily Waste

The organic wastes produced by petroleum refineries are often treated by spreading them on land sites, allowing hydrocarbons to degrade naturally. In such conditions, mathematical models representing the transport of organics in the soil are useful for predicting the quantities of hydrocarbons, like polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), that could reach the water table in the short and long term. The pesticide root zone model (PRZM) simulates the fate of pesticides in the soil. Because of the analogy between the agricultural use of pesticides and the land spreading of petroleum residues containing hydrocarbons, and the similar physicochemical characteristics of these two types of potential organic contaminants, this model was applied to a land-spreading site in southern Quebec. The simulation results indicate that the studied PAHs may not migrate to depths of more than 40 cm. The predicted concentrations may be several hundred times lower when the degradation rate doubles. Natural variations in the local hydrodynamic conditions caused by soil texture do not greatly affect the concentrations of a relatively mobile PAH in soil or in water. In contrast to the texture, the soil organic matter content greatly influences the distribution of PAHs between the liquid and solid phases and, consequently, their migration through the soil. Key words: PAH, phenanthrene, pyrene, refinery, land treatment, mobility, degradation, simulation, PRZM.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document