Study of the influence of the aluminum source (acetate or sulfate) on the synthesis of the ceramic membrane and applications of emulsion oil water: use and reuse

The objective of this work was to prepare ceramic membranes and to evaluate the effect of the raw material on the ceramic membrane and on the efficiency of the emulsion separation oil/water. The ceramic membranes were manufactured using the uniaxial dry compaction method, from the thermal decomposition of aluminum sulfate or aluminum acetate, to evaluate the effect of the raw material (aluminum acetate or aluminum sulfate) on the efficiency in the emulsion oil/water separation. Ceramic membranes were characterized by measurements of X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical strength, bubble point and water flow. In this study, membranes were produced with different characteristics. The values found for the permeate for the A1 membrane were 9.20 mg / L due to characteristics such as porosity and mechanical strength (44.63 % and 1.3 MPa), while the values A2 membrane was 6.52 mg / L, 18.86 % and 6.7 MPa. In conclusion, the membranes prepared are effective in removing the oil from the oily waste water. According to the results, the treatment of oil-water emulsions by microfiltration facilitates a significant reduction in the concentration of permeate oil.

COAGULATION/FLOCCULATION PROCESS FOR OILY WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Oily wastewater is one of the most dangerous forms of environmental pollution, it is large amount of water that is wasted petrochemical industries, oily waste water contains oil, suspended solids, and dissolved solids. The study investigates the treatment of real oily waste water that was collected from al-Dura refinery (Iraq) /Middle Refineries Company from oil and suspended solid contamination for re-use and environmental consideration using coagulation and flocculation processes. Coagulation /flocculation is a common method used as primary purification processes to oily wastewater treatment due to its usability, performance, and low cost. Coagulation experiments were completed by the Jar Test device. The additives coagulants of ferric sulfate and aluminum sulfate were in a range about (10- 25) ppm, as well as polyelectrolyte- (polyacrylamide) as an additional flocculent in the range (1-4) ppm. The results show that ferric sulfate was more efficient in removing turbidity than Aluminum sulfate under the same conditions, with the best removal of turbidity at dose concentration 20 ppm of Ferric sulfate and a flocculent dose concentration of 3 ppm of polyacrylamide, also with oil content decreasing from 288 ppm to 14.4 ppm and the turbidity removal from 187 to 8.5 NTU.

Hydrocarbon Toxicity towards Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens in Oily Waste Streams

Hydrocarbon-containing wastes and wastewaters are produced worldwide by the activities of the oil and gas industry. Anaerobic digestion has the potential to treat these waste streams, while recovering part of its energy potential as biogas. However, hydrocarbons are toxic compounds that may inhibit the microbial processes, and particularly the methanogens. In this work, the toxicity of hexadecane (0–30 mM) towards pure cultures of hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanobacterium formicicum and Methanospirillum hungatei) was assessed. Significantly lower (p < 0.05) methane production rates were only verified in the incubations with more than 15 mM hexadecane and represented up to 52% and 27% inhibition for M. formicicum and M. hungatei, respectively. The results obtained point out that 50% inhibition of the methanogenic activity would likely occur at hexadecane concentrations between 5–15 mM and >30 mM for M. formicicum and M. hungatei, respectively, suggesting that toxic effects from aliphatic hydrocarbons towards hydrogenotrophic methanogens may not occur during anaerobic treatment. Hydrocarbon toxicity towards hydrogenotrophic methanogens was further assessed by incubating an anaerobic sludge with H2/CO2 in the presence of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons (provided by the addition of an oily sludge from a groundwater treatment system). Specific methanogenic activity from H2/CO2 decreased 1.2 times in the presence of the hydrocarbons, but a relatively high methane production (~30 mM) was still obtained in the assays containing the inoculum and the oily sludge (without H2/CO2), reinforcing the potential of anaerobic treatment systems for methane production from oily waste/wastewater.

A Comparative Study on the use of Soil - Organic and Inorganic Biostimulants in the Remediation of Oily Waste

Remediation of oily waste using soil-organic (goat dung, poultry dropping) and inorganic (NPK fertilizer) nutrients was assessed for twelve weeks using culture-dependent microbiological technique and chemical procedures. The results indicate increased counts of Hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes with remediation time for both nutrient types. Bacteria in the remediated waste were members of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes and Serratia, fungi: Penicillium, Aspergillus and Cladosporium, and actinomycetes: Rhodococcus, Nocardia and Streptomyces for all soil-nutrient amendment techniques. pH of the NPK fertilizer ranged between 6.7 ± 0.03 and 7.3±0.06 whereas the goat dung and poultry dropping amendments was 6.5± 0.02 and 7.1 ±0.05. Dehydrogenase activity increased for the biostimulant treatment cells with remediation time. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon reduction was 99.3 and 99.6% in organic and 99.8% for inorganic amendments. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons of the remediated waste for both techniques revealed values below detectable limits (< 0.01) at the end of remediation period. Remediation with soil-goat dung and soil-poultry dropping amendments compared favorably with soil-NPK fertilizer technique because microbial activities were enhanced to produce eco-friendly waste. The use of soil-organic amendments is therefore a low-cost alternative biostimulant for the management of oily waste in the petroleum industry.

Remediation of Oily Waste using Soil Organic Nutrient Stimulant

Aims: This present study aim at assessing the efficacy of soil-organic nutrient stimulant in the remediation of oily waste. Study design: Preparation of Soil-goat dung mix was used as stimulant for the remediation of oily waste. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at the Department of Microbiology University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria in the dry season months of January - March Methodology: Remediation of oily waste using soil - organic (goat dung) nutrient stimulant was assessed for 12 weeks using standard culture-dependent microbiological, chemical and enzyme activity assay procedures. Results: The results indicate increased counts of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes with remediation time. Microorganisms belonging to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Serratia, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Rhodococcus, Nocardia and Streptomyces were recovered from the remediated waste. The pH of the soil-goat dung treatment ranged from 6.5 ± 0.02 to 7.1 ± 0.05. Enzyme activity by dehydrogenase and urease were higher than phenol oxidase with time. PAHs were below detectable limits (< 0.01) and reduction in total petroleum hydrocarbon was 99.3% for the remediated waste. Conclusion: Overall, enhanced microbial activities correlated positively with reduction in Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon and PAH composition which resulted in ecofriendly waste product. Soil-goat dung stimulant can therefore serve as a cheap alternative in the management of oily waste.

Solid Fuel Based on Waste of Low-Utilized Combustible Energy Resources

The paper presents main trends in growth and generation of waste, depending on increase of world GDP and the population of the planet. The main directions in extending the concept of national strategies for sustainable development have been considered with due account of energy and resource conservation problems, as well as the need for the rational use of natural and secondary resources in all countries of the world community. The energy potential use of combustible waste that has not found technological application is considered by many countries as one of the priority areas in the field of unconventional energy. The paper describes the main directions in application of the technology for briquetting multicomponent compositions into solid fuel. The developed production technology makes it possible to process waste products by briquetting them with the addition of various binders, and on the example of a binder component in the form of viscous hydrocarbon-containing waste, the main technological features of obtaining solid multicomponent fuel are presented in the paper. The paper describes the equipment for electrohydraulic treatment, which operates as a part of the preparation line for briquetting of the applied oily waste and that allows to reduce the sulphur content in the waste used, and such approach in general permits to regulate the environmental characteristics of harmful substance emissions at the maximum acceptable level. Taking into account the application aspects of the technology for wet briquetting of materials, the paper reflects the main results of the obtained dependences of humidity on productivity according to the content of the binder component. The proposed algorithm for solving the problem makes it possible to rationally use of substandard combustible industrial waste to obtain a multicomponent solid fuel, while at the production stage, the energy and environmental aspects of the resulting fuel are taken into account with due consideration of the component composition of the fuel.