The role of the vestibular commissure in the gaze holding of the cat

The current study investigated the role of cultural norms on the development of face-scanning. British and Japanese adults’ eye movements were recorded while they observed avatar faces moving their mouth, and then their eyes toward or away from the participants. British participants fixated more on the mouth, which contrasts with Japanese participants fixating mainly on the eyes. Moreover, eye fixations of British participants were less affected by the gaze shift of the avatar than Japanese participants, who shifted their fixation to the corresponding direction of the avatar’s gaze. Results are consistent with the Western cultural norms that value the maintenance of eye contact, and the Eastern cultural norms that require flexible use of eye contact and gaze aversion.

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Heritage Appropriation and Commoditized Spirituality: Q’ero Mysticism & Andean New Age Healing

NEXUS: The Canadian Student Journal of Anthropology ◽

10.15173/nexus.v23i1.958 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 26-34

Author(s):

Melody J. Devries

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Tourist Industry ◽

Cultural Experience ◽

The Gaze ◽

Specific Analysis ◽

The Social ◽

Spiritual Tourism ◽

Andean Highlands

With the onset of 2015, globalization is perhaps one of the most dynamic issues concerning the social sciences. It is critical to map all fields of the human/cultural experience that are susceptible to manifestations of globalization in the growing international tourism industry. In this study I have focused on the evolution of the Peruvian Andean highlands’ massive tourist industry, including a specific analysis on the Paz Y Luz Healing Centre, in order to address spiritual tourism and its appropriation and commodification processes. In my exploration of Andean mysticism and the concept’s effect on local cultural heritage, I have found it essential to consult Foucauldian understandings of the gaze, as well as several other perspectives on the role of ritual elements in the construction of spiritual realities. Subsequently I have been led to perhaps a predictable conclusion: spiritual tourism is a living relic of colonialism. It dilutes the cultural and spiritual heritage of peoples like the Q’ero for consumption by tourists, who use the gaze and its created ‘other’ to validate their own construction of spiritual realities.

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On the role of eye contact in gaze cueing

10.31234/osf.io/mx28g ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kyveli Kompatsiari ◽

Francesca Ciardo ◽

Vadim Tikhanoff ◽

Giorgio Metta ◽

Agnieszka Wykowska

Keyword(s):

Humanoid Robot ◽

Ecological Validity ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Eye Contact ◽

Reflexive Orienting ◽

Gaze Cueing ◽

The Gaze ◽

Experimental Protocols ◽

Human Eyes

Most experimental protocols examining joint attention with the gaze cueing paradigm are “observational” and “offline”, thereby not involving social interaction. We examined whether within a naturalistic online interaction, real-time eye contact influences the gaze cueing effect (GCE). We embedded gaze cueing in an interactive protocol with the iCub humanoid robot. This has the advantage of ecological validity combined with excellent experimental control. Critically, before averting the gaze, iCub either established eye contact or not, a manipulation enabled by an algorithm detecting position of the human eyes. For non-predictive gaze cueing procedure (Experiment 1), only the eye contact condition elicited GCE, while for counter-predictive procedure (Experiment 2), only the condition with no eye contact induced GCE. These results reveal an interactive effect of strategic (gaze validity) and social (eye contact) top-down components on the reflexive orienting of attention induced by gaze cues. More generally, we propose that naturalistic protocols with an embodied presence of an agent can cast a new light on mechanisms of social cognition.

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Focusing the Gaze: The Role of Music in Film Adaptations of Austen's "Pride and Prejudice"

IASPM Journal ◽

10.5429/2079-3871(2010)v1i1.6en ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Christine Amos Linial

Keyword(s):

Film Adaptations ◽

Pride And Prejudice ◽

The Gaze

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Extremism and toxic masculinity: the man question re-posed

International Affairs ◽

10.1093/ia/iiz177 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 95 (6) ◽

pp. 1251-1270 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elizabeth Pearson

Keyword(s):

International Relations ◽

Radical Right ◽

Policy Discourse ◽

Masculinity Studies ◽

The Gaze ◽

Theoretical Position ◽

Initial Question ◽

The Relationship

Abstract It is more than 20 years since Marysia Zalewski and feminist scholars posed ‘the man question’ in International Relations, repositioning the gaze from female subjectivities to a problematization of the subjecthood of man. The field of masculinity studies has developed this initial question to a deep interrogation of the relationship between maleness and violence. Yet public and policy discourse often reduce the complexity of masculinities within extremism to issues of crisis and toxicity. Governments have prioritized the prevention of extremism, particularly violent Islamism, and in so doing have produced as ‘risk’ particular racialized and marginalized men. This article asks, what are the effects of the toxic masculinity discourse in understanding the British radical right? It argues that current understandings of extremism neglect the central aim of Zalewski's ‘man’ question to destabilize the field and deconstruct patriarchy. They instead position Islamophobia—which is institutionalized in state discourse—as the responsibility of particular ‘extreme’ and ‘toxic’ groups. In particular, the article outlines two ways in which ‘toxic masculinity’ is an inadequate concept to describe activism in the anti-Islam(ist) movement the English Defence League (EDL). First, the term ‘toxic masculinity’ occludes the continuities of EDL masculinities with wider patriarchal norms; second, it neglects the role of women as significant actors in the movement. Using an ethnographic and empathetic approach to this case-study, the article explores how Zalewski's theoretical position offers a route to analysis of the ways in which masculinities and patriarchy entwine in producing power and violence; and to a discussion of masculinities that need not equate manhood with threat.

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If I say you’re authentic, then you’re authentic: Power and privilege revealed in travel blogs

Tourist Studies ◽

10.1177/1468797619865387 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 569-584 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrew Duffy

Keyword(s):

The Self ◽

Local People ◽

The Gaze

A leitmotif in scholarship on travel texts has been themes of power and privilege. It is not clear, however, whether the more populist, egalitarian and non-elitist form of travel media, travel blogs, fits into this pattern. This article considers the role of power in how bloggers press authenticity into service as a marker of value in travel. It argues that they use authenticity to place themselves in a position of privilege and power over the local people they interact with. It identifies three forms of traveller authenticity – experience, existence and expectation – as a framework to study structures of power, privilege and dominance implicit in travel as revealed by its use in travel blogs. These forms of authenticity all demonstrate the traveller’s positioning of the self at the centre of the gaze on others. This has application for future theorising on the label of ‘authenticity’ as a tool of power.

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The Difficulty of Being Dead: Aleksandr Veledinskii’s Alive (2006)

Contemporary Russian Cinema ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474407649.003.0009 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Vlad Strukov

Keyword(s):

Political Agency ◽

Life And Death ◽

The Gaze ◽

Spectral Effect ◽

The Status ◽

The Subject ◽

The Dead ◽

The Spectator

The dis/appearances of the characters in Veledinskii’s Alive denotes ruptures in continuity (including the continuity of the gaze). The role of the phantom is to overcome the complete break between the living and the dead as well as to overcome the ruptures in discourse. The persistent revenant is an epitome of the return: they become by coming back and in doing so they create a repetitive experience—teleological aporia, a certain inheritance. The phantom is a trace and also a differance (in Derridean terms) in that their spectral effect is in the ideological tendency and the promise of emancipation. In Alive, the phantom resists the totality of representation and so emerges as a method of paralogy: legitimacy of the subject is determined by a denial of the possibility of legitimation. The spectre as a mediation of discourse which lies in between, and in Alive—not between life and death but between death and death. In Alive political agency is the phantom’s expediency whereby the gaze onto the spectator—the pervasiveness of the ghostly experience problematizes the status of the spectator who—in the presence of the posthumous narrator—emerges as a posthumous spectator.

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Effects of Acetyl-DL-Leucine on Ataxia and Downbeat-Nystagmus in Six Patients With Ataxia Telangiectasia

Journal of Child Neurology ◽

10.1177/08830738211028394 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088307382110283

Author(s):

Adriana Brueggemann ◽

Antonela Bicvic ◽

Martina Goeldlin ◽

Roger Kalla ◽

Hassen Kerkeni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ataxia Telangiectasia ◽

Phase Ii Trial ◽

Slow Phase ◽

Central Position ◽

Downbeat Nystagmus ◽

The Gaze ◽

Gaze Holding ◽

Modifying Effect ◽

Straight Ahead ◽

Cerebellar Symptoms

Background: There is no authorized treatment for ataxia telangiectasia (AT). As cerebellar symptoms of storage diseases were improved by acetyl-DL-leucine (ADLL), the authors hypothesized a symptomatic and disease-modifying effect in AT upon supplementation with ADLL. Methods: Six patients were treated with ADLL 3 g/day for 1 week followed by 5g/day for 3 weeks to 1 year. Cerebellar ataxia was evaluated by validated scales. Gaze-holding, saccades and smooth pursuit were examined by video-oculography. Measurements took place at baseline, at 1 month of therapy in 5 patients, and after 6 and 12 months in 1 patient. Results: The Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia changed from the baseline, mean, (SD, min-max) of 22.1 (5.88, 11-28.5) to 18 points (5.39, 8.5-23.5) after 1 month on medication ( P = .0028). All patients demonstrated gaze-holding deficits; 3 patients had central-position downbeat-nystagmus. Mean slow-phase velocity of this nystagmus with the gaze straight-ahead changed from 5.57°/s (1.8, 3.53-6.99) to 4.7°/s (0.79, 3.97-5.56) after 1 month on treatment (1.35, -2.56-4.17) ( P = .046). Interpretation: ADLL may improve ataxia and ocular stability in AT patients, while the molecular basis still remains to be elucidated. A multicentric, rater-blinded, phase II trial currently investigates the effects of acetyl-L-leucine in AT (NCT03759678).

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