Regulation of the (Na+ + K+)-activated ATP hydrolyzing enzyme system in rat kidney II. The effect of aldosterone on the activity in kidneys of adrenalectomized rats

1969 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Leth Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme System ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

Steroid regulation of Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the rat kidney: effect of a new 19-nor-progestagen

1986 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Botella ◽  
J. Paris ◽  
B. Lahlou
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Nomegestrol Acetate ◽  
Steroid Regulation ◽  
Sodium Loss ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

ABSTRACT The effects of Nomegestrol acetate (17α-acetoxy-6-methyl-19-nor-4,6-pregnadiene-3,20-dione), a new 19-nor-progesterone derivative, on renal Na+/K+-ATPase activity were assessed in normal and adrenalectomized rats, and compared with the stimulatory or inhibitory actions produced by other steroids. This compound displayed an inhibitory effect which was similar to, but smaller than, that induced by progesterone and quite distinct from the stimulation produced by 19-nor-progesterone and corticosteroids. In addition, unlike progesterone, it did not antagonize the effect of aldosterone in adrenalectomized rats. This result, together with previous in-vivo and in-vitro observations on this compound indicates that additional modifications introduced in the molecular structure of 19-nor-progesterone produces a potent progestagenic substance virtually devoid of effects on renal Na+/K+-ATPase activity and sodium loss in urine. J. Endocr. (1986) 110, 37–41

Effects of Aldosterone on Mitochondrial Enzyme(s) and Cytochromes of Rat Tissues

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Liu ◽  
C. C. Liew ◽  
A. G. Gornall
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzyme ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

The activities of the kidney mitochondrial enzymes citrate synthase, NAD–isocitrate dehydrogenase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and the levels of cytochromes a + a3 and b were decreased following adrenalectomy. These decreases in enzyme activity and cytochrome levels could be restored by the administration of 5 μg of aldosterone per 100 g body weight. The effects of adrenalectomy and aldosterone administration were not observed in mitochondria from rat heart or liver. It was also found that giving 250 μg of corticosterone per 100 g body weight to adrenalectomized animals did not restore kidney citrate synthase activity. Neither actinomycin D nor puromycin, when given to adrenalectomized rats prior to aldosterone administration, inhibited the stimulation of citrate synthase activity or the levels of cytochromes a + a3 and b. It is concluded that the effect of aldosterone on the oxidative enzyme system is not the result of its stimulation of transcription or translation mechanisms.

DDT-Induced Stimulation of Key Gluconeogenic Enzymes In Rat Kidney Cortex

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kacew ◽  
R. L. Singhal ◽  
G. M. Ling
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Glucocorticoid Hormones ◽  
Rat Kidney Cortex ◽  
Gluconeogenic Enzymes ◽  
Maximal Stimulation ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

Administration of technical DDT or o,p′-DDT produced marked increases in pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, and glueose-6-phospfaatase activities in rat kidney cortex. Significant increases in these key gluconeogenic enzymes occurred at 2–3 days and maximal stimulation was seen 5–7 days after the beginning of o,p′-DDT treatment. This DDT isomer, when given to adrenalectomized rats, produced increases in renal enzymes similar to those observed in intact animals. Furthermore, since administration of triamcinolone to o,p′-DDT-treated rats failed to potentiate the action of this insecticide on various enzymes, evidence indicates that the stimulation of kidney cortex gluconeogenesis by DDT is not mediated through a release of glucocorticoid hormones from the adrenal cortex.

scholarly journals THE KREBS CYCLE IN GLOMERULI OF NORMAL RAT KIDNEY AND IN COMPENSATORY HYPERTROPHY

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
WIKTOR W. NOWINSKI ◽  
ANDRZEJ PIGOŃ
Keyword(s):  
Normal Cell ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Staining Techniques

The Krebs cycle in glomeruli of rat kidney was studied under normal conditions and in compensatory hypertrophy after unilateral nephrectomy. By using substrates of the cycle and measuring with the Cartesian diver technique the increase in oxygen uptake, it was established that the entire enzyme system is present, including succinic dehydrogenase. The latter could not be demonstrated by other authors who used older histochemical staining techniques. In compensatory hypertrophy it was thought sufficient to study activites of two enzymes only, isocitric dehydrogenase and succinic dehydrogenase. No change in the activity of either dehydrogenase was found. The conclusion was drawn that in hypertrophy, the glomeruli simply swell and serve as ultrafilters; the Krebs cycle is present, but produces ATP only for the maintenance of normal cell functions and thus does not undergo an increase in activity.

scholarly journals Effect of adrenalectomy on acceleration of gluconeogenesis by calcium ions, adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate and adrenaline in rat kidney tubules

1978 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
D W R MacDonald ◽  
E D Saggerson
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Beta Blocker ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Kidney Tubules ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
Alpha Blocker ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Gluconeogenesis from pyruvate was measured in renal-cortical-tubules fragments prepared from fed male rats 6-8 days after adrenalectomy or sham adrenalectomy. The response of this process to 3′:5′-cyclic AMP and adrenaline was compared in these two states at two Ca2+ concentrations. 2. Adrenalectomy decreased the percentage stimulation of gluconeogenesis by 3′:5′-cyclic AMP, but increased percentage stimulation by adrenaline. Cortisol treatment of adrenalectomized rats (50 mg/kg, twice daily for 2 days) did not reverse the change in responsiveness to 3′:5′-cyclic AMP and adrenaline. 3. Stimulation of gluconeogenesis by 1 micron-adrenaline was unaffected by 10 micron-propranolol (beta-blocker) in either state. Phentolamine (alpha-blocker; 10 micron) totally blocked stimulation of gluconeogenesis by 1 micron-adrenaline in the sham-operated condition, but was only partially effective in this respect after adrenalectomy.

Protein Synthesis by Ribosomes from Rat Kidney Cortex: Effect of Aldosterone and Bilateral Adrenalectomy

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhip P. Nandi Majumdar ◽  
Daniel Trachewsky
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Bilateral Adrenalectomy ◽  
Ribonuclease Activity ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Rat Kidney Cortex ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

Experiments with renal cortical ribosomes from adrenalectomized rats have shown that the incorporation of phenylalanine into polypeptide by ribosome preparations from aldosterone-treated animals is greater than incorporation by control ribosomes by a range of 20–24%. When incorporation was directed by poly U the hormone-stimulated ribosomes produced a range of 15–32% greater incorporation than control ribosomes. This latter difference might be due to a change in the functional capacity of the ribosomes induced by the hormone treatment since the poly U directed binding of phenylalanyl-tRNA to the ribosomes from aldosterone-treated rats was greater than that to the control ones by a range of 16–35%. Furthermore, ribosomes from the aldosterone-stimulated animals had an average of 26% more ribonuclease activity than the control ribosomes.

Effect of Adrenalectomy on Production and Excretion of Ammonia by the Kidneys

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean D. Wilson ◽  
Donald W. Seldin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Exchange Site ◽  
Circulatory Insufficiency ◽  
Salt Depletion ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The rate and magnitude of ammonia excretion and renal glutaminase adaptation is normal in adrenalectomized rats given moderate (up to 4 mEq/day) amounts of NH4Cl. The administration of large amounts of NH4Cl (5 mEq/day or more) invariably kills adrenalectomized rats. Shortly before death, renal glutaminase adaptation was normal. Survival of adrenalectomized rats on large amounts of NH4Cl could be prolonged if potassium was eliminated from the diet. Notwithstanding the prevention of hyperkalemia by restricting potassium intake and salt depletion by the provision of adequate amounts of sodium chloride, ammonia excretion is impaired in rats given large doses of NH4Cl despite normal adaptation of renal glutaminase. It is suggested that adrenal steroids are not involved in either the maintenance or activation of the glutaminase enzyme system in the kidneys of rats. In adrenalectomized rats given large doses of NH4Cl, the diminished excretion of ammonia appears to be a consequence of a diminished Na+–H+ exchange resulting from two disturbances: a) reduced delivery of Na+ to distal tubular exchange site, owing to peripheral circulatory insufficiency arising from salt depletion or potassium intoxication; b) a specific impairment of tubular reabsorption of Na+ owing to the absence of adrenal steroids.

The Morphology of the Rat Kidney Following Folic Acid Administration

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Aline Byrnes ◽  
Elsa E. Ramos ◽  
Minoru Suzuki ◽  
E.D. Mayfield
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Biochemical Alterations

Renal hypertrophy was induced in 100 g male rats by the injection of 250 mg folic acid (FA) dissolved in 0.3 M NaHCO3/kg body weight (i.v.). Preliminary studies of the biochemical alterations in ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism of the renal tissue have been reported recently (1). They are: RNA content and concentration, orotic acid-c14 incorporation into RNA and acid soluble nucleotide pool, intracellular localization of the newly synthesized RNA, and the specific activity of enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. The present report describes the light and electron microscopic observations in these animals. For light microscopy, kidney slices were fixed in formalin, embedded, sectioned, and stained with H & E and PAS.

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