Spallation processes and nuclear interaction products of cosmic rays

In this review, we first reassess the supernova remnant paradigm for the origin of Galactic cosmic rays in the light of recent cosmic-ray data acquired by the Voyager 1 spacecraft. We then describe the theory of light-element nucleosynthesis by nuclear interaction of cosmic rays with the interstellar medium and outline the problem of explaining the measured beryllium abundances in old halo stars of low metallicity with the standard model of the Galactic cosmic-ray origin. We then discuss the various cosmic-ray models proposed in the literature to account for the measured evolution of the light elements in the Milky Way, and point out the difficulties that they all encounter. It seems to us that, among all possibilities, the superbubble model provides the most satisfactory explanation for these observations.

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Cosmic Ray Interactions in Paraffin and Lead

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1969-1012 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 1541-1543

Author(s):

J. P. Mundra ◽

D. P. Bhattacharyya ◽

P. K. Senchaudhury

Keyword(s):

Cosmic Rays ◽

Cosmic Ray ◽

Nuclear Interaction ◽

Cloud Chamber ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Transition Effect ◽

Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽

Nuclear Interactions

Abstract Nuclear interactions of cosmic rays under paraffin and lead have been studied by means of a counter controlled multiplate cloud chamber. The lead plates inside the chamber served as producer and analyser. A search has been made for the possible transition effect of nuclear interaction in lighter elements using charged components for triggering and to compare it with a previously observed apparent transition effect in graphite for neutron shower using coincidence of neutron counters. The results show a continuous increase of nuclear interaction with increasing thickness of paraffin absorber up to 30.4 gcm-2. A similar rise is also observed under 11.3 gem-2 of Pb.

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On the Problem of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Mass Composition Evaluation from Lateral Distributions of EAS Charged Particles Measured at Different Ranges of Radial Distances

Izvestiya of Altai State University ◽

10.14258/izvasu(2020)1-04 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

R.I. Raikin ◽

N.V. Volkov ◽

A.A. Lagutin ◽

T.L. Serebryakova ◽

S.V. Soldatkin

Keyword(s):

Cosmic Rays ◽

Primary Particle ◽

Interaction Model ◽

Cosmic Ray ◽

Nuclear Interaction ◽

Distribution Functions ◽

Lateral Distribution ◽

Mass Composition ◽

Ultrahigh Energy ◽

Scale Parameters

The results of the analysis of simulations of extensive air showers (EAS) generated by ultrahigh energy cosmic rays are presented. The analysis was performed within the framework of the scaling approach developed by the authors to describe the lateral distribution functions of electrons and muons of EAS. We discuss a method to evaluate the mass composition of cosmic rays from the experimental data of existing ground-based hybrid experiments with consideration of the potential of their forthcoming extensions as well as the next generation experiments. The discussed method allows minimizing the influence of the uncertainty of nuclear interaction model, instrumental and methodical biases on physical conclusions with respect to the type of primary particle. It is shown that the use of the scale parameters of the lateral distributions as an indicator of primary particle, as well as the universal relationship between the scale parameters of the lateral distribution and the (longitudinal) age of the cascade, provides improving mass composition estimations on both the average and event-by-event basis by a single method in a wide primary energy range.

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