Neurotoxicity in vitro: Model systems and practical applications. Comparative studies with the cholinergic neurotoxin in primary brain cultures and in rabbit retina in vivo

Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy is one of the main tools used to image subcellular structures in living cells. Yet for decades it has been applied primarily to in vitro model systems. Thanks to the most recent advancements in intravital microscopy, this approach has finally been extended to live rodents. This represents a major breakthrough that will provide unprecedented new opportunities to study mammalian cell biology in vivo and has already provided new insight in the fields of neurobiology, immunology, and cancer biology.

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Author Correction: The promise(s) of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in averting preclinical diabetes: lessons from in vivo and in vitro model systems

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-99380-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nagasuryaprasad Kotikalapudi ◽

Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath ◽

Sinha Sukesh Narayan ◽

Bhonde R. ◽

Harishankar Nemani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Model Systems ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Preclinical Diabetes ◽

Vitro Model

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Pharmacological approaches to the aging brain: In vivo and in vitro model systems

AGE ◽

10.1007/bf02432639 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 77-81

Author(s):

Antonia Vernadakis

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Model ◽

Model Systems ◽

Aging Brain ◽

Vitro Model

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Study of the l-Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Penetration Kinetics and the Efficacy of Phenylalanine Catabolism Correction Using In Vitro Model Systems

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13030383 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 383

Author(s):

Lyubov Dyshlyuk ◽

Stanislav Sukhikh ◽

Svetlana Noskova ◽

Svetlana Ivanova ◽

Alexander Prosekov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Tumor Regression ◽

Liver Cells ◽

Model Systems ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Vitro Model

The kinetics of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) penetration into the monolayer of liver cells after its release from capsules was studied. The studies showed the absence of the effect of the capsule shell based on plant hydrocolloids on the absorption of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in systems simulating the liver surface. After 120 min of incubation, in all variants of the experiment, from 87.0 to 96.8% of the enzyme penetrates the monolayer of liver cells. The combined analysis of the results concludes that the developed encapsulated form of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is characterized by high efficiency in correcting the disturbed catabolism of phenylalanine in phenylketonuria, which is confirmed by the results of experiments carried out on in vitro model systems. PAL is approved for the treatment of adult patients with phenylketonuria. The encapsulated l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase form can find therapeutic application in the phenylketonuria treatment after additional in vitro and in vivo studies, in particular, the study of preparation safety indicators. Furthermore, it demonstrated high efficacy in tumor regression and the treatment of tyrosine-related metabolic disorders such as tyrosinemia. Several therapeutically valuable metabolites biosynthesized by PAL via its catalytic action are included in food supplements, antimicrobial peptides, drugs, amino acids, and their derivatives. PAL, with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, is a highly effective medical drug.

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