The Role of the cut Gene in the Specification of Central Projections by Sensory Axons in Drosophila

Neuron ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Merritt ◽  
Andrew Hawken ◽  
Paul M. Whitington
Keyword(s):  
Central Projections ◽  
Sensory Axons

Head Movements in Flies (Calliphora) Produced by Deflexion of the Halteres

1980 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID C. SANDEMAN ◽  
H. MARKL
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ganglion ◽  
Neck Muscles ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Central Projections ◽  
Sensory Axons ◽  
One To One

1. The heads of resting flies will twitch to the side if the haltere is deflected rapidly forwards. Head movements are always away from the stimulated haltere and do not occur if the haltere is deflected up, down or backwards. 2. The anatomy and action of the neck muscles is described. 3. Cobalt fills of the whole haltere nerve show that the sensory axons project to the neuropiles of the ipsi- and contralateral pro- and mesothoracic neuropiles, to the ipsilateral metathoracic neuropiles and to the cerebral ganglion. 4. Cobalt fills of the nerves to the neck muscles and from the prosternal organs show that the central projections of these nerves end in the ipsilateral prothoracic neuropile. 5. Recordings from the motoneurones to the neck muscles show that they are phasically activated by forward deflexion of the halteres after a latency of 2.5–3 ms. Spikes in the motoneurones follow the vibration of the haltere, one to one, up to 200 Hz. 6. Recordings from the ipsilateral mesothoracic wing nerve (N. alae) show two large units which respond after a 2.5–3 ms latency to forward deflexion of the halteres. 7. Behavioural observations of walking flies show that the presence or absence of halteres has a small but nevertheless significant effect on the animals' ability to detect angular accelerations during walking or to orient with respect to gravity.

Persistent larval sensory neurones are required for the normal development of the adult sensory afferent projections inDrosophila

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-624
Author(s):  
Darren W. Williams ◽  
David Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Axon Guidance ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Axon Growth ◽  
Central Projections ◽  
Sensory Neurones ◽  
Afferent Projections ◽  
Sensory Axons ◽  
Growth Guidance

We have tested the hypothesis that larval neurones guide growth of adult sensory axons in Drosophila. We show that ablation of larval sensory neurones causes defects in the central projections of adult sensory neurones. Spiralling axons and ectopic projections indicate failure in axon growth guidance. We show that larval sensory neurones are required for peripheral pathfinding, entry into the CNS and growth guidance within the CNS. Ablation of subsets of neurones shows that larval sensory neurones serve specific guidance roles. Dorsal neurones are required for axon guidance across the midline, whereas lateral neurones are required for posterior growth. We conclude that larval sensory neurones pioneer the assembly of sensory arrays in adults.

The Role of the Tracheae and Musculature during Pathfinding of Drosophila Embryonic Sensory Axons

1993 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Younossi-Hartenstein ◽  
Volker Hartenstein
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Axons

Role of phrenic nerve afferents in the control of breathing

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Frazier ◽  
W. R. Revelette
Keyword(s):  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Control Of Breathing ◽  
Motor Drive ◽  
Central Projections ◽  
Load Compensation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulation Of

A long-held belief is that respiratory-related reflexes mediated by afferents in the diaphragm are weak or absent. However, recent data suggest that diaphragmatic afferents are capable of altering ventilatory motor drive as well as influencing perception of added inspiratory loads in humans. This review describes the sensory elements of the diaphragm, their central projections, and their functional significance in the control of respiratory muscle activation. The reflexes elicited by electrical stimulation of phrenic nerve afferents and the contribution of diaphragmatic afferents in respiratory load compensation and perception are considered. There is growing evidence that phrenic nerve afferents are activated under a variety of conditions. However, the significance of this input to the central nervous system is yet to be discerned.

scholarly journals Chondroitin Sulphate-Binding Molecules May Pattern Central Projections of Sensory Axons within the Cranial Mesenchyme of the Developing Mouse

1999 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon P. Golding ◽  
Hester Tidcombe ◽  
Stavroula Tsoni ◽  
Martin Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Central Projections ◽  
Sensory Axons

Electrical stimulation of intact peripheral sensory axons in rats promotes outgrowth of their central projections

2008 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Udina ◽  
Matthew Furey ◽  
Sarah Busch ◽  
Jerry Silver ◽  
Tessa Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Central Projections ◽  
Sensory Axons ◽  
Peripheral Sensory ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals The role of muscle spindles in the development of the monosynaptic stretch reflex

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Wang ◽  
LingYing Li ◽  
Eric Frank
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Muscle Spindles ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Intrafusal Muscle ◽  
Intrafusal Fibers ◽  
Sensory Axons ◽  
Neurotrophin 3 ◽  
Erbb2 Receptor ◽  
Intrafusal Muscle Fibers

Muscle sensory axons induce the development of specialized intrafusal muscle fibers in muscle spindles during development, but the role that the intrafusal fibers may play in the development of the central projections of these Ia sensory axons is unclear. In the present study, we assessed the influence of intrafusal fibers in muscle spindles on the formation of monosynaptic connections between Ia (muscle spindle) sensory axons and motoneurons (MNs) using two transgenic strains of mice. Deletion of the ErbB2 receptor from developing myotubes disrupts the formation of intrafusal muscle fibers and causes a nearly complete absence of functional synaptic connections between Ia axons and MNs. Monosynaptic connectivity can be fully restored by postnatal administration of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and the synaptic connections in NT-3-treated mice are as specific as in wild-type mice. Deletion of the Egr3 transcription factor also impairs the development of intrafusal muscle fibers and disrupts synaptic connectivity between Ia axons and MNs. Postnatal injections of NT-3 restore the normal strengths and specificity of Ia–motoneuronal connections in these mice as well. Severe deficits in intrafusal fiber development, therefore, do not disrupt the establishment of normal, selective patterns of connections between Ia axons and MNs, although these connections require the presence of NT-3, normally supplied by intrafusal fibers, to be functional.

scholarly journals The role of the odorant receptors in the formation of the sensory map

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Francia ◽  
Claudia Lodovichi
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Sensory Axons ◽  
Sensory Maps ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sensory Map ◽  
Target Locations ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIn the olfactory system, odorant receptors (ORs) expressed at the cell membrane of olfactory sensory neurons detect odorants and direct sensory axons toward precise target locations in the brain, reflected in the presence of olfactory sensory maps. This dual role of ORs is corroborated by their subcellular expression both in cilia, where they bind odorants, and at axon terminals, a location suitable for axon guidance cues. Here, we provide an overview and discuss previous work on the role of ORs in establishing the topographic organization of the olfactory system and recent findings on the mechanisms of activation and function of axonal ORs.

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