Energy metabolism and brain function in diabetic and obese rats

The lack of a complete assembly of the sensitivity of subcellular aminopeptidase (AP) activities to insulin in different pathophysiological conditions has hampered the complete view of the adipocyte metabolic pathways and its implications in these conditions. Here we investigated the influence of insulin on basic AP (APB), neutral puromycin-sensitive AP (PSA), and neutral puromycin-insensitive AP (APM) in high and low density microsomal and plasma membrane fractions from adipocytes of healthy and obese rats. Catalytic activities of these enzymes were fluorometrically monitoring in these fractions with or without insulin stimulus. Canonical traffic such as insulin-regulated AP was not detected for these novel adipocyte APs in healthy and obese rats. However, insulin increased APM in low density microsomal and plasma membrane fractions from healthy rats, APB in high density microsomal fraction from obese rats and PSA in plasma membrane fraction from healthy rats. A new concept of intracellular compartment-dependent upregulation of AP enzyme activities by insulin emerges from these data. This relatively selective regulation has pathophysiological significance, since these enzymes are well known to act as catalysts and receptor of peptides directly related to energy metabolism. Overall, the regulation of each one of these enzyme activities reflects certain dysfunction in obese individuals.

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Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase in adipocyte is Cys-specific and affected by obesity

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/jme-14-0321 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rafaela Fadoni Alponti ◽

Luciana Godoy Viana ◽

Norma Yamanouye ◽

Paulo Flavio Silveira

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Catalytic Activity ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Monosodium Glutamate ◽

Hydrolytic Activity ◽

Insulin Stimulation ◽

Fractionation Procedure ◽

Obese Rats ◽

Isolated Adipocytes ◽

Endogenous Substrates

Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP, EC 3.4.11.3) in adipocytes is well known to traffic between high (HDM) and low (LDM) density microsomal fractions toward the plasma membrane (MF) under stimulation by insulin. However, its catalytic preference for aminoacyl substrates with N-terminal Leu or Cys is controversial. Furthermore, possible changes in its traffic under metabolic challenges are unknown. The present study investigated the catalytic activity attributable to EC 3.4.11.3 in HDM, LDM and MF from isolated adipocytes of healthy (C), food deprived (FD) and monosodium glutamate (MSG) obese rats on aminoacyl substrates with N-terminal Cys or Leu, in absence or presence of insulin. Efficacy and reproducibility of subcellular adipocyte fractionation procedure were demonstrated. Comparison among HDM vs LDM vs MF intragroup revealed that hydrolytic activity trafficking from LDM to MF under influence of insulin in C, MSG and FD is only on N-terminal Cys. In MSG the same pattern of anterograde traffic and aminoacyl preference occurred independently of insulin stimulation. The pathophysiological significance of IRAP in adipocytes seems to be linked to comprehensive energy metabolism related roles of endogenous substrates with N-terminal cysteine pair such as vasopressin and oxytocin.

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