Prognostic value of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (UPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1 in breast cancer

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S31
Author(s):  
M. Schmitt ◽  
F. Jänicke ◽  
C. Thomssen ◽  
L. Pache ◽  
J. Bläser ◽  
...  
1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H de Witte ◽  
C G J Sweep ◽  
J G M Klijn ◽  
N Grebenschikov ◽  
H A Peters ◽  
...  

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Duffy

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine protease that is causally involved in cancer progression, especially invasion and metastasis. Multiple studies have shown that breast cancer patients whose primary cancer contains high levels of uPA have a significantly worse outcome than patients with low levels. As a prognostic marker for breast cancer the information supplied by uPA is both independent of traditionally used factors and significant in the important subgroup of axillary-node patients. Paradoxically, high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an endogenous inhibitor of uPA, also predict for aggressive disease. Recently, the prognostic impact of both uPA and PAI-1 in axillary node-negative breast cancer was confirmed using two different Level 1 Evidence studies, i.e. in both a randomized prospective trial and a pooled analysis. Therefore, uPA and PAI-1 appear to have fulfilled all the criteria for the routine assessment of prognosis in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients


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