Pericardial effusion in patients with cancer: Outcome with contemporary management strategies

SummaryIt is widely known that the systemic blood coagulation mechanism is often activated in malignancy, leading to an increased incidence of vascular thromboses in patients with cancer. It is not widely appreciated, however, that products of the coagulation mechanism may also support tumor growth and dissemination. Interest in this approach to cancer therapy has surged recently because of mounting evidence that the familiar anticoagulant drug, heparin, may impede tumor progression. Heparin has the capacity to modify angiogenesis, growth factor and protease activity, immune function, cell proliferation and gene expression in ways that may block malignant dissemination. Clinical trials in which heparin has been administered to a broad spectrum of patients to prevent or treat thrombosis have unexpectedly shown improvement in survival in the subset of patients with malignancy entered to these studies. Meta-analyses of clinical trials comparing unfractionated (UF) versus low molecular weight (LMW) heparin treating venous thromboembolism suggest that there may be substantial improvement in cancer outcome in patients with malignancy randomized to receive LMW heparin. These findings provide a rationale for definitive clinical trials of LMW heparin in cancer, and the results of several such studies that are currently underway are awaited with interest.

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Review of Prelabor Rupture of the Membranes: Pathophysiologic Concepts and Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Current Women s Health Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573404816999201026223954 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Saadia Ghafoor

Keyword(s):

Management Strategies ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Main Body ◽

Scientific Publications ◽

Timely Diagnosis ◽

Narrative Literature Review ◽

Contemporary Management ◽

Online Library ◽

Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Background:: Prelabor rupture of membrane (PROM) refers to the breakage of fetal membranes before the onset of labor, resulting in the leakage of amniotic fluid. PROM affects approximately 3% and 8% of preterm and term pregnancies. Because of associated high maternal and perinatal mortality, correct and timely diagnosis together with effective management is highly recommended to prevent adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. Objective:: To provide an overview of the novel concepts in the understanding of PROM including etiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, complications, assessment, diagnostic modalities, and contemporary management strategies for PROM at preterm and term. Methodology:: This narrative literature review was conducted through a literature search using the Cochrane library and electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, Crossref, Google Scholar, Wiley online library, ScienceDirect with specific search terms in scientific publications published from March 1980 to March 2020. Main Body:: Preterm PROM has the potential to cause prenatal morbidity and mortality. It is imperative to monitor the signs and symptoms of an impending infection due to the risk of infectious morbidity with PROM at preterm and preterm. PROM at preterm and term requires prompt diagnosis followed by an appropriate management strategy. Conclusion:: The correct and timely diagnosis of PROM is essential for efficacious management. Furthermore, it can reduce avoidable emergent health care visits and related costs in a clinical setting subjected to pregnancy with suspected PROM. Further studies are needed to fill the gaps in identifying better diagnostic predictive tools in high- risk pregnancies.

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Cancer-related fatigue: an overview

British Journal of Nursing ◽

10.12968/bjon.2021.30.4.s36 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. S36-S43

Author(s):

Mohammed Al Maqbali

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Background Information ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Measurement Scales ◽

Major Life ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Cancer Related Fatigue ◽

Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽

Life Stressor

A diagnosis of cancer is a major life stressor that can affect the physiological, psychological and physical state of the person concerned. Fatigue is a particularly common and troubling symptom that has a negative impact on quality of life throughout all phases of treatment and stages of the illness. The aim of this review is to provide background information on cancer-related fatigue. This review discusses cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in terms of the definition, prevalence, risk factors, aetiology, and the measurement scales used. The differences between definitions of symptoms and relevant theories will be explored and discussed to help explain the variety of instruments used in its measurement. The prevalence of fatigue will be assessed by looking critically at the evidence of fatigue and the factors that affect it. Potential treatment and management strategies for CRF will also be discussed. Finally, there will be an overview of the instruments used to measure fatigue. This review also provides important evidence for measuring and managing CRF that can help nurses to understand fatigue among patients with cancer. Assessing CRF should be routinely undertaken in clinical settings to help identify the proper interventions, treatments and management to reduce fatigue among cancer patients.

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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Impact of contemporary management strategies on perinatal outcomes

Prenatal Diagnosis ◽

10.1002/pd.5376 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (13) ◽

pp. 1004-1012 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Han‐Shin Lee ◽

Jan E. Dickinson ◽

Jason KG Tan ◽

Wendy Nembhard ◽

Carol Bower

Keyword(s):

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽

Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Contemporary Management

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Advances in radiotherapy for brain metastases

Neuro-Oncology Advances ◽

10.1093/noajnl/vdab126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_5) ◽

pp. v26-v34

Author(s):

Vinai Gondi ◽

Jacquelyn Meyer ◽

Helen A Shih

Keyword(s):

Brain Metastases ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Metastatic Cancer ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Whole Brain Radiotherapy ◽

Brain Radiotherapy ◽

Contemporary Management ◽

The Brain ◽

Systemic Therapies

Abstract As novel systemic therapies yield improved survival in metastatic cancer patients, the frequency of brain metastases continues to increase. Over the years, management strategies have continued to evolve. Historically, stereotactic radiosurgery has been used as a boost to whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) but is increasingly being used as a replacement for WBRT. Given its capacity to treat both macro- and micro-metastases in the brain, WBRT has been an important management strategy for years, and recent research has identified technologic and pharmacologic approaches to delivering WBRT more safely. In this review, we outline the current landscape of radiotherapeutic treatment options and discuss approaches to integrating radiotherapy advances in the contemporary management of brain metastases.

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Pericardial Effusion After Cardiac Surgery: Risk Factors, Patient Profiles, and Contemporary Management

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.09.026 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 112-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Elena A. Ashikhmina ◽

Hartzell V. Schaff ◽

Lawrence J. Sinak ◽

Zhuo Li ◽

Joseph A. Dearani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Pericardial Effusion ◽

Patient Profiles ◽

Contemporary Management

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Contemporary Management and Outcomes of Injuries to the Inferior Vena Cava: A Prospective Multicenter Trial From PROspective Observational Vascular Injury Treatment

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/00031348211038556 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000313482110385

Author(s):

David P Stonko ◽

Faris K. Azar ◽

Richard D. Betzold ◽

Jonathan J. Morrison ◽

Ryan B. Fransman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inferior Vena Cava ◽

Vascular Injury ◽

Inferior Vena ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Multicenter Trial ◽

Data Set ◽

Injury Treatment ◽

Contemporary Management ◽

Injury Burden

Introduction Injuries to the inferior vena cava (IVC), while uncommon, have a high mortality despite modern advances. The goal of this study is to describe the diagnosis and management in the largest available prospective data set of vascular injuries across anatomic levels of IVC injury. Methods The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma PROspective Observational Vascular Injury Treatment (PROOVIT) registry was queried from November 2013 to January 2019. Demographics, diagnostic modalities, injury patterns, and management strategies were recorded and analyzed. Comparisons between anatomic levels were made using non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum statistics. Results 140 patients from 19 institutions were identified; median age was 30 years old (IQR 23-41), 75% were male, and 62% had penetrating mechanism. The suprarenal IVC group was associated with blunt mechanism (53% vs 32%, P = .02), had lower admission systolic blood pressure, pH, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and higher ISS and thorax and abdomen AIS than the infrarenal injury group. Injuries were managed with open repair (70%) and ligation (30% overall; infrarenal 37% vs suprarenal 13%, P = .01). Endovascular therapy was used in 2% of cases. Overall mortality was 42% (infrarenal 33% vs suprarenal 66%, P<.001). Among survivors, there was no difference in first 24-hour PRBC transfusion requirement, or hospital or ICU length of stay. Conclusions Current PROOVIT registry data demonstrate continued use of ligation extending to the suprarenal IVC, limited adoption of endovascular management, and no dramatic increase in overall survival compared to previously published studies. Survival is likely related to IVC injury location and total injury burden.

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Mucormycosis: Early Identification of a Deadly Fungus

Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing ◽

10.1177/1043454218763092 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 257-266

Author(s):

Ariel M. Brettholz ◽

Sabrina Opiola Mccauley

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Patient Outcomes ◽

Pediatric Oncology ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Polymerase Chain

Mucormycosis is a rare invasive fungal infection that affects immunocompromised patients and is fatal when not identified and treated early. Diagnosis is often delayed as the symptoms are nonspecific and frequently mimic other common diseases. Pediatric patients with cancer are at risk for the infection; however, there is limited research that applies directly to the pediatric population. An understanding of the risk factors and clinical presentation of mucormycosis is crucial for the pediatric oncology provider to initiate the workup and provide prompt treatment. The gold standard for diagnosing mucormycosis is biopsy; however, the use of polymerase chain reaction is a novel tool that is being investigated. The mainstays of treatment are antifungal medications, surgery, and reversal of predisposing risk factors, although, new therapies are also emerging. This article will review the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostics of mucormycosis and will discuss current treatment and management strategies for the pediatric oncology clinician to allow for timely diagnosis and intervention to optimize patient outcomes.

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Contemporary Management Strategies for Epistaxis

Rhinology and Facial Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1007/978-3-540-74380-4_12 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 139-149

Author(s):

Seth J. Kanowitz ◽

Martin J. Citardi ◽

Pete S. Batra

Keyword(s):

Management Strategies ◽

Contemporary Management

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