Unravelling the pro-tumorigenic role of innate immune pattern recognition receptors in the gastric compartment

The innate immune system is an integral component of the inflammatory response to pathophysiological stimuli. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inflammasomes are the major sensors and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system that activate stimulus (signal)-specific proinflammatory responses. Chronic activation of PRRs has been found to be associated with the aggressiveness of various cancers and poor prognosis. Involvement of PRRs was earlier considered to be limited to infection- and injury-driven carcinogenesis, where they are activated by pathogenic ligands. With the recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) as ligands of PRRs, the role of PRRs in carcinogenesis has also been implicated in other non-pathogen-driven neoplasms. Dying (apoptotic or necrotic) cells shed a plethora of DAMPs causing persistent activation of PRRs, leading to chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Such chronic activation of TLRs promotes tumor cell proliferation and enhances tumor cell invasion and metastasis by regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, metalloproteinases, and integrins. Due to the decisive role of PRRs in carcinogenesis, targeting PRRs appears to be an effective cancer-preventive strategy. This review provides a brief account on the association of PRRs with various cancers and their role in carcinogenesis.

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Innate Immune Sensors and Gastrointestinal Bacterial Infections

Clinical and Developmental Immunology ◽

10.1155/2011/579650 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Georgina L. Hold ◽

Indrani Mukhopadhya ◽

Tom P. Monie

Keyword(s):

Pattern Recognition ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Pattern Recognition Receptors ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽

Infection Dynamics ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

The gastrointestinal microbiota is a major source of immune stimulation. The interaction between host pattern-recognition receptors and conserved microbial ligands profoundly influences infection dynamics. Identifying and understanding the nature of these interactions is a key step towards obtaining a clearer picture of microbial pathogenesis. These interactions underpin a complex interplay between microbe and host that has far reaching consequences for both. Here, we review the role of pattern recognition receptors in three prototype diseases affecting the stomach, the small intestine, and large intestine, respectively (Helicobacter pyloriinfection,Salmonellainfection, and inflammatory bowel disease). Specifically, we review the nature and impact of pathogen:receptor interactions, their impact upon pathogenesis, and address the relevance of pattern recognition receptors in the development of therapies for gastrointestinal diseases.

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Viral recognition by the innate immune system: the role of pattern recognition receptors

Colombia Medica ◽

10.25100/cm.v41i4.731 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 377-387

Author(s):

Silvia Torres-Pedraza ◽

Juan Guillermo Betancur ◽

Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima

Keyword(s):

Pattern Recognition ◽

Immune System ◽

Innate Immune System ◽

Pattern Recognition Receptors ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Viral Recognition

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Activation of Innate Immune System During Viral Infection: Role of Pattern-recognition Receptors (PRRs) in Viral Infection

Journal of Bacteriology and Virology ◽

10.4167/jbv.2009.39.3.145 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 145 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eun Jung Jun ◽

Yoo Kyum Kim

Keyword(s):

Pattern Recognition ◽

Immune System ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Innate Immune System ◽

Pattern Recognition Receptors ◽

Innate Immune

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The role of bacteria and pattern-recognition receptors in Crohn's disease.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.8604956.9100054 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Jack Satsangi

Keyword(s):

Pattern Recognition ◽

Crohn’S Disease ◽

Crohn's Disease ◽

Pattern Recognition Receptors

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Pattern recognition receptors and their roles in the host response to Helicobacter pylori infection

Future Microbiology ◽

10.2217/fmb-2021-0106 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ileana Gonzalez ◽

Paulina Araya ◽

Ivan Schneider ◽

Cristian Lindner ◽

Armando Rojas

Keyword(s):

Pattern Recognition ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Host Response ◽

Pattern Recognition Receptors ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Host Cells ◽

Proinflammatory Response ◽

H Pylori ◽

Cancer Pattern ◽

Main Pattern

Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) infection is highly prevalent, affecting 4.4 billion people globally. This pathogen is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of more than 75% of worldwide cases of gastric cancer. Pattern recognition receptors are essential in the innate immune response to H. pylori infection. They recognize conserved pathogen structures and myriad alarmins released by host cells in response to microbial components, cytokines or cellular stress, thus triggering a robust proinflammatory response, which is crucial in H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis. In this review, we intend to highlight the main pattern recognition receptors involved in the recognition and host response to H. pylori, as well as the main structures recognized and the subsequent inflammatory response.

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