On Termination of Datalog Programs**This research was supported in part by grant 85-00082 from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel. The first author was also supported in part by the National Council for Research and Development, the Ministry of Science and Technology, Israel.

1990 ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Brodsky ◽  
Yehoshua Sagiv
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Council ◽  
Binational Science Foundation

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue on “Nanoalloy Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Devices”

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
César A. C. Sequeira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
The World ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
Nanoscale Science

Nanoscale science and technology dealing with materials synthesis, nanofabrication, nanoprobes, nanostructures, nanoelectronics, nano-optics, nanomechanics, nanodevices, nanobiotechnology, and nanomedicine is an exciting field of research and development in Europe, the United States, and other countries around the world [...]

A History of Geothermal Energy Research and Development in the United States. Reservoir Engineering 1976-2006

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mack Kennedy ◽  
Karsten Pruess ◽  
Marcelo J. Lippmann ◽  
Ernest L. Majer ◽  
Peter E. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reservoir Engineering ◽  
Energy Research ◽  
History Of

A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE ACCOUNTING TREATMENT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Nix ◽  
David E. Nix
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Accounting Rules

This study reviews the literature and the practice of accounting for research and development (R&D) costs from the first reference in 1917 to the current treatment. The conceptual treatment of R&D is compared to current financial accounting rules and explanation of the evolution of the current rules is presented. The economic and social consequences of the current rules which require R&D costs to be expressed are examined. The paper explores possible alternative treatment of R&D costs. As a contrast to U.S. practice, the accounting treatment of R&D costs in other countries is discussed. Given the findings of this paper, a strong case can be made for changing the way that R&D costs are accounted for in the United States.

Pharmaceutical Innovation in the United States: Factors Affecting Future Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Regulatory Strategy

AbstractFueled by high returns on its investments, the pharmaceutical industry in the United States has flourished for the past 50 years. The regulatory strategy of demanding stringent testing then allowing market-based pricing has allowed private companies to fund ambitious research and development activities with the assurance that these investments will be recovered. However, aggressive managed-care cost-containment strategies threaten the companies' ability to recoup research and development expenses and may affect their willingness to invest in future innovative research.

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