In Situ Spatially Resolved Techniques for the Investigation of Packed Bed Catalytic Reactors: Current Status and Future Outlook of Spaci-FB

In situ FT-IR microspectroscopy has allowed spatially resolved interrogation of different parts of brain tissue. In previous work the spectrrscopic features of normal barin tissue were characterized. The white matter, gray matter and basal ganglia were mapped from appropriate peak area measurements from spectra obtained in a grid pattern. Bands prevalent in white matter were mostly associated with the lipid. These included 2927 and 1469 cm-1 due to CH2 as well as carbonyl at 1740 cm-1. Also 1235 and 1085 cm-1 due to phospholipid and galactocerebroside, respectively (Figs 1and2). Localized chemical changes in the white matter as a result of white matter diseases have been studied. This involved the documentation of localized chemical evidence of demyelination in shiverer mice in which the spectra of white matter lacked the marked contrast between it and gray matter exhibited in the white matter of normal mice (Fig. 3).The twitcher mouse, a model of Krabbe’s desease, was also studied. The purpose in this case was to look for a localized build-up of psychosine in the white matter caused by deficiencies in the enzyme responsible for its breakdown under normal conditions.

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Spatially Resolved Operando Measurements in Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactors

10.1016/s0065-2377(17)x0002-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Reactors ◽

Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽

Spatially Resolved

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Spatially Resolved Experimental Modal Analysis on High-Speed Composite Rotors Using a Non-Contact, Non-Rotating Sensor

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21144705 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (14) ◽

pp. 4705

Author(s):

Julian Lich ◽

Tino Wollmann ◽

Angelos Filippatos ◽

Maik Gude ◽

Juergen Czarske ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Natural Frequencies ◽

Mode Shapes ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Structural Dynamic ◽

Spatially Resolved ◽

Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽

Vibration Responses ◽

And Performance

Due to their lightweight properties, fiber-reinforced composites are well suited for large and fast rotating structures, such as fan blades in turbomachines. To investigate rotor safety and performance, in situ measurements of the structural dynamic behaviour must be performed during rotating conditions. An approach to measuring spatially resolved vibration responses of a rotating structure with a non-contact, non-rotating sensor is investigated here. The resulting spectra can be assigned to specific locations on the structure and have similar properties to the spectra measured with co-rotating sensors, such as strain gauges. The sampling frequency is increased by performing consecutive measurements with a constant excitation function and varying time delays. The method allows for a paradigm shift to unambiguous identification of natural frequencies and mode shapes with arbitrary rotor shapes and excitation functions without the need for co-rotating sensors. Deflection measurements on a glass fiber-reinforced polymer disk were performed with a diffraction grating-based sensor system at 40 measurement points with an uncertainty below 15 μrad and a commercial triangulation sensor at 200 measurement points at surface speeds up to 300 m/s. A rotation-induced increase of two natural frequencies was measured, and their mode shapes were derived at the corresponding rotational speeds. A strain gauge was used for validation.

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Sorption enhanced gasification (SEG) of biomass for tailored syngas production with in-situ CO2 capture: Current status, process scale-up experiences and outlook

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.rser.2021.110756 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 141 ◽

pp. 110756

Author(s):

Ashak Mahmud Parvez ◽

Selina Hafner ◽

Matthias Hornberger ◽

Max Schmid ◽

Günter Scheffknecht

Keyword(s):

Co2 Capture ◽

Scale Up ◽

Current Status ◽

Syngas Production ◽

Process Scale Up ◽

Process Scale ◽

In Situ Co2 Capture

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Airborne determination of the temporo-spatial distribution of benzene, toluene, nitrogen oxides and ozone in the boundary layer across Greater London, UK

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-15-5083-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 5083-5097 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

M. D. Shaw ◽

J. D. Lee ◽

B. Davison ◽

A. Vaughan ◽

R. M. Purvis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Nitrogen Oxides ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Proton Transfer Reaction ◽

Mixing Ratios ◽

Spatially Resolved ◽

Dual Channel ◽

Benzene Toluene

Abstract. Highly spatially resolved mixing ratios of benzene and toluene, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ozone (O3) were measured in the atmospheric boundary layer above Greater London during the period 24 June to 9 July 2013 using a Dornier 228 aircraft. Toluene and benzene were determined in situ using a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS), NOx by dual-channel NOx chemiluminescence and O3 mixing ratios by UV absorption. Average mixing ratios observed over inner London at 360 ± 10 m a.g.l. were 0.20 ± 0.05, 0.28 ± 0.07, 13.2 ± 8.6, 21.0 ± 7.3 and 34.3 ± 15.2 ppbv for benzene, toluene, NO, NO2 and NOx respectively. Linear regression analysis between NO2, benzene and toluene mixing ratios yields a strong covariance, indicating that these compounds predominantly share the same or co-located sources within the city. Average mixing ratios measured at 360 ± 10 m a.g.l. over outer London were always lower than over inner London. Where traffic densities were highest, the toluene / benzene (T / B) concentration ratios were highest (average of 1.8 ± 0.5 ppbv ppbv-1), indicative of strong local sources. Daytime maxima in NOx, benzene and toluene mixing ratios were observed in the morning (~ 40 ppbv NOx, ~ 350 pptv toluene and ~ 200 pptv benzene) and in the mid-afternoon for ozone (~ 40 ppbv O3), all at 360 ± 10 m a.g.l.

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In Situ Biaxial Mechanical Testing at the Neutron Time-of-Flight Diffractometer POLDI

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.768-769.60 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 768-769 ◽

pp. 60-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Julia Repper ◽

Markus Niffenegger ◽

Steven van Petegem ◽

Werner Wagner ◽

Helena van Swygenhoven

Keyword(s):

Steel Sample ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Image Correlation ◽

Uniaxial Deformation ◽

Spatially Resolved ◽

Neutron Diffractometer ◽

Neutron Time ◽

Strain Paths ◽

Biaxial Mechanical Testing

Complex strain paths are often applied to materials during production processes. This paper shows the first successful in-situ biaxial mechanical tests during neutron diffraction performed on a cruciform steel sample and reports on the differences compared to uniaxial deformation. Digital image correlation is demonstrated to be an appropriate tool to monitor spatially resolved the macroscopic straining. The new, modular biaxial machine that will be installed at the neutron diffractometer POLDI is presented.

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