scholarly journals Evolution of the tyrosinase gene family in bivalve molluscs: Independent expansion of the mantle gene repertoire

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3855-3865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Aguilera ◽  
Carmel McDougall ◽  
Bernard M. Degnan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Tyrosinase Gene ◽  
Independent Expansion

scholarly journals The hard clam genome reveals massive expansion and diversification of inhibitors of apoptosis in Bivalvia

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Song ◽  
Ximing Guo ◽  
Lina Sun ◽  
Qianghui Wang ◽  
Fengming Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Tandem Duplication ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Hard Clam ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Inhibitors Of Apoptosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolutionary Success

Abstract Background Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) are critical regulators of programmed cell death that are essential for development, oncogenesis, and immune and stress responses. However, available knowledge regarding IAP is largely biased toward humans and model species, while the distribution, function, and evolutionary novelties of this gene family remain poorly understood in many taxa, including Mollusca, the second most speciose phylum of Metazoa. Results Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of an economically significant bivalve, the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria, which reveals an unexpected and dramatic expansion of the IAP gene family to 159 members, the largest IAP gene repertoire observed in any metazoan. Comparative genome analysis reveals that this massive expansion is characteristic of bivalves more generally. Reconstruction of the evolutionary history of molluscan IAP genes indicates that most originated in early metazoans and greatly expanded in Bivalvia through both lineage-specific tandem duplication and retroposition, with 37.1% of hard clam IAPs located on a single chromosome. The expanded IAPs have been subjected to frequent domain shuffling, which has in turn shaped their architectural diversity. Further, we observed that extant IAPs exhibit dynamic and orchestrated expression patterns among tissues and in response to different environmental stressors. Conclusions Our results suggest that sophisticated regulation of apoptosis enabled by the massive expansion and diversification of IAPs has been crucial for the evolutionary success of hard clam and other molluscan lineages, allowing them to cope with local environmental stresses. This study broadens our understanding of IAP proteins and expression diversity and provides novel resources for studying molluscan biology and IAP function and evolution.

scholarly journals Gene family innovation, conservation and loss on the animal stem lineage

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Richter ◽  
Parinaz Fozouni ◽  
Michael B Eisen ◽  
Nicole King
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Stem Lineage ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Core Features

Choanoflagellates, the closest living relatives of animals, can provide unique insights into the changes in gene content that preceded the origin of animals. However, only two choanoflagellate genomes are currently available, providing poor coverage of their diversity. We sequenced transcriptomes of 19 additional choanoflagellate species to produce a comprehensive reconstruction of the gains and losses that shaped the ancestral animal gene repertoire. We identified ~1944 gene families that originated on the animal stem lineage, of which only 39 are conserved across all animals in our study. In addition, ~372 gene families previously thought to be animal-specific, including Notch, Delta, and homologs of the animal Toll-like receptor genes, instead evolved prior to the animal-choanoflagellate divergence. Our findings contribute to an increasingly detailed portrait of the gene families that defined the biology of the Urmetazoan and that may underpin core features of extant animals.

scholarly journals Expansion, retention and loss in the Acyl-CoA Synthetase “Bubblegum” (Acsbg) gene family in vertebrate history

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Lopes-Marques ◽  
André M. Machado ◽  
Raquel Ruivo ◽  
Elza Fonseca ◽  
Estela Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Complex Lipid ◽  
History Of ◽  
Enzyme Families ◽  
Rate Limiting

AbstractFatty acids (FAs) constitute a considerable fraction of all lipid molecules with a fundamental role in numerous physiological processes. In animals, the majority of complex lipid molecules are derived from the transformation of FAs through several biochemical pathways. Yet, for FAs to enroll in these pathways they require an activation step. FA activation is catalyzed by the rate limiting action of Acyl-CoA synthases. Several Acyl-CoA enzyme families have been previously described and classified according to the chain length of FA they process. Here, we address the evolutionary history of the ACSBG gene family which activates, FA with more than 16 carbons. Currently, two different ACSBG gene families, ACSBG1 and ACSBG2, are recognized in vertebrates. We provide evidence that a wider and unequal ACSBG gene repertoire is present in vertebrate lineages. We identify a novel ACSBG-like gene lineage which occurs specifically in amphibians, ray finned fish, coelacanths and chondrichthyes named ACSBG3. Also, we show that the ACSBG2 gene lineage duplicated in the Theria ancestor. Our findings, thus offer a far richer understanding on FA activation in vertebrates and provide key insights into the relevance of comparative and functional analysis to perceive physiological differences, namely those related with lipid metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals New Insights into the Evolution of Metazoan Tyrosinase Gene Family

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e35731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaria Esposito ◽  
Salvatore D'Aniello ◽  
Paola Squarzoni ◽  
Maria Rosa Pezzotti ◽  
Filomena Ristoratore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Tyrosinase Gene

The tyrosinase gene family and albinism in fish

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqing Wang ◽  
Lin Hou ◽  
Ruifeng Zhang ◽  
Xintao Zhao ◽  
Lijuan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Tyrosinase Gene

scholarly journals Genomic signatures accompanying the dietary shift to phytophagy in polyphagan beetles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Seppey ◽  
Panagiotis Ioannidis ◽  
Brent C. Emerson ◽  
Camille Pitteloud ◽  
Marc Robinson-Rechavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Dietary Shift ◽  
Genomic Signatures ◽  
Plant Feeding

AbstractBackgroundThe diversity and evolutionary success of beetles (Coleoptera) are proposed to be related to the diversity of plants on which they feed. Indeed the largest beetle suborder, Polyphaga, mostly includes plant-eaters among its ~315,000 species. In particular, plants defend themselves with a diversity of specialized toxic chemicals. These may impose selective pressures that drive genomic diversification and speciation in phytophagous beetles. However, evidence of changes in beetle gene repertoires driven by such interactions remains largely anecdotal and without explicit hypothesis testing.ResultsTo address this, we explored the genomic consequences of beetle-plant trophic interactions by performing comparative gene family analyses across 18 species representing the two most species-rich beetle suborders. We contrasted the gene contents of species from the mostly plant-eating suborder Polyphaga with those of the mainly predatory Adephaga. We found gene repertoire evolution to be more dynamic, with significantly more adaptive lineage-specific expansions, in the more speciose Polyphaga. Testing the specific hypothesis of adaptation to plant-feeding, we identified families of enzymes putatively involved in beetle-plant interactions that underwent adaptive expansions in Polyphaga. There was especially strong support for the selection hypothesis on large gene families for glutathione S-transferase and carboxylesterase detoxification enzymes.ConclusionsOur explicit modeling of the evolution of gene repertoires across 18 species identifies adaptive lineage-specific gene family expansions that accompany the dietary shift towards plants in beetles. These genomic signatures support the popular hypothesis of a key role for interactions with plant chemical defenses, and for plant-feeding in general, in driving beetle diversification.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document